Metabolic heterogeneity in TNBCs: A potential determinant of therapeutic efficacy of 2-deoxyglucose and metformin combinatory therapy.

Breast cancers (BCs) remain the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women worldwide. Among the different types of BCs, treating the highly aggressive, invasive, and metastatic triple-negative BCs (TNBCs) that do not respond to hormonal/human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) targeted interventions since they lack ER/PR/HER2 receptors remains challenging. While almost all BCs depend on glucose metabolism for their proliferation and survival, studies indicate that TNBCs are highly dependent on glucose metabolism compared to non-TNBC malignancies.

The Potential Role of COVID-19 in the Pathogenesis of Multiple Sclerosis-A Preliminary Report.

Coronavirus 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) that mainly affects the lungs. COVID-19 symptoms include the presence of fevers, dry coughs, fatigue, sore throat, headaches, diarrhea, and a loss of taste or smell. However, it is understood that SARS-CoV-2 is neurotoxic and neuro-invasive and could enter the central nervous system (CNS) via the hematogenous route or via the peripheral nerve route and causes encephalitis, encephalopathy, and acute disseminated encephalomyelitis (ADEM) in COVID-19 patients.

Combination Therapy with Vitamin C Could Eradicate Cancer Stem Cells.

Cancer remains one of the most feared and dreaded diseases in this era of modern medicine, claiming the lives of many, and affecting the quality of life of several others around the globe despite major advances in the diagnosis, treatment, palliative care and the immense resources invested into cancer research. While research in cancer has largely focused on the neoplasm/tumor and the cancerous cells that make up the tumor, more recently, the existence, proliferation, differentiation, migration and invasion of cancer stem cells (CSCs) and the role that CSCs play in tumor initiation, progression, metastasis, drug resistance and relapse/recurrence of the disease has gained widespread interest in cancer research. Although the conventional therapeutic approaches such as surgery, chemotherapy and radiation therapy are effective cancer treatments, very often these treatment modalities fail to target the CSCs, which then later become the source of disease recurrence.

Treatment with a Combination of Metformin and 2-Deoxyglucose Upregulates Thrombospondin-1 in Microvascular Endothelial Cells: Implications in Anti-Angiogenic Cancer Therapy.

Metformin, the most widely used anti-diabetic drug, also exhibits anti-cancer properties; however, the true potential of metformin as an anticancer drug remains largely unknown. In this study using mouse microvascular endothelial cells (MMECs), we investigated the effects of metformin alone or in combination with the glycolytic inhibitor, 2-deoxyglucose (2DG), on angiogenesis-a process known to be an integral part of tumor growth, cancer cell survival and metastasis. MMECs were exposed to 2DG (1-10 mM) for 48 h in the absence or presence of metformin (2 mM).

Circulating miRNAs, Small but Promising Biomarkers for Autism Spectrum Disorder.

Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) refers to a heterogeneous group of complex neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by social skill and communication deficits, along with stereotyped repetitive behavior. miRNAs, small non-coding RNAs that have been recognized as critical regulators of gene expression, play a key role in the neurodevelopmental transcriptional networks of the human brain. Previous investigations have proven that circulating miRNAs open up new possibilities for the emerging roles of diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers in human disorders and diseases.

Accelerated lipid catabolism and autophagy are cancer survival mechanisms under inhibited glutaminolysis.

Suppressing glutaminolysis does not always induce cancer cell death in glutamine dependent tumors because cells may switch to alternative energy sources. To reveal compensatory metabolic pathways, we investigated the metabolome-wide cellular response to inhibited glutaminolysis in cancer cells. Glutaminolysis inhibition with C.

Nesting of colon and ovarian cancer cells in the endothelial niche is associated with alterations in glycan and lipid metabolism.

The metabolic phenotype of a cancer cell is determined by its genetic makeup and microenvironment, which dynamically modulates the tumor landscape. The endothelial cells provide both a promoting and protective microenvironment - a niche for cancer cells. Although metabolic alterations associated with cancer and its progression have been fairly defined, there is a significant gap in our understanding of cancer metabolism in context of its microenvironment.

TRPV currents and their role in the nociception and neuroplasticity.

Transient receptor potential channels sensitive to vanilloids (TRPVs) are group of ion channels which are sensitive to various tissue damaging signals and their activation is generally perceived as pain. Therefore, they are generally named as nociceptors. Understanding their activation and function as well as their interaction with intracellular pathways is crucial for the development of pharmacological interference in order to reduce pain perception.

The role of intracellular calcium for the development and treatment of neuroblastoma.

Neuroblastoma is the second most common paediatric cancer. It developsfrom undifferentiated simpatico-adrenal lineage cells and is mostly sporadic; however, theaetiology behind the development of neuroblastoma is still not fully understood. Intracellularcalcium ([Ca2+]i) is a secondary messenger which regulates numerous cellular processesand, therefore, its concentration is tightly regulated.