LUNAPARK Is an E3 Ligase That Mediates Degradation of ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 to Maintain a Tubular ER Network in Arabidopsis.

ROOT HAIR DEFECTIVE3 (RHD3) is an atlastin GTPase involved in homotypic fusion of endoplasmic reticulum (ER) tubules in the formation of the interconnected ER network. Because excessive fusion of ER tubules will lead to the formation of sheet-like ER, the action of atlastin GTPases must be tightly regulated. We show here that RHD3 physically interacts with two Arabidopsis () LUNAPARK proteins, LNP1 and LNP2, at three-way junctions of the ER, the sites where different ER tubules fuse.

Turnip Mosaic Virus Components Are Released into the Extracellular Space by Vesicles in Infected Leaves.

Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) reorganizes the endomembrane system of the infected cell to generate endoplasmic-reticulum-derived motile vesicles containing viral replication complexes. The membrane-associated viral protein 6K plays a key role in the formation of these vesicles. Using confocal microscopy, we observed that this viral protein, a marker for viral replication complexes, localized in the extracellular space of infected leaves.

A Host ER Fusogen Is Recruited by for Maturation of Viral Replication Vesicles.

Like other positive-strand RNA viruses, the (TuMV) infection leads to the formation of viral vesicles at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Once released from the ER, the viral vesicles mature intracellularly and then move intercellularly. While it is known that the membrane-associated viral protein 6K2 plays a role in the process, the contribution of host proteins has been poorly defined.

Turnip Mosaic Virus Uses the SNARE Protein VTI11 in an Unconventional Route for Replication Vesicle Trafficking.

Infection of plant cells by RNA viruses leads to the generation of organelle-like subcellular structures that contain the viral replication complex. During (TuMV) infection of , the viral membrane protein 6K plays a key role in the release of motile replication vesicles from the host endoplasmic reticulum (ER). Here, we demonstrate that 6K contains a GxxxG motif within its predicted transmembrane domain that is vital for TuMV infection.

Cylindrical Inclusion Protein of Turnip Mosaic Virus Serves as a Docking Point for the Intercellular Movement of Viral Replication Vesicles.

Plant viruses move from the initially infected cell to adjacent cells through plasmodesmata (PDs). To do so, viruses encode dedicated protein(s) that facilitate this process. How viral proteins act together to support the intercellular movement of viruses is poorly defined.

The grapevine VviPrx31 peroxidase as a candidate gene involved in anthocyanin degradation in ripening berries under high temperature.

Anthocyanin levels decline in some red grape berry varieties ripened under high-temperature conditions, but the underlying mechanism is not yet clear. Here we studied the effects of two different temperature regimes, representing actual Sangiovese (Vitis vinifera L.) viticulture regions, on the accumulation of mRNAs and enzymes controlling berry skin anthocyanins.