Revision of Cameron (Hymenoptera, Braconidae, Braconinae) with descriptions of 13 new species.

The Old World braconine wasp genus Cameron is revised. The genus is recorded from the island of Madagascar for the first time based on two new species, Quicke & Butcher, and Quicke & Friedman, Quicke, is described from Australia; Quicke & Friedman, is described from Ethiopia; Quicke & Butcher, is described from Congo; van Noort, is described from Tanzania; Quicke & Friedman, , Ranjith, , Ranjith, and Ranjith, are described from India; Quicke & Butcher, , Quicke & Butcher, , and Quicke & Butcher, are described from Thailand. is recorded from Thailand for the first time.

Now you see me, now you don't: verifying the absence of alien invasive yellow crazy ant in South Africa.

is an invasive species that is a major threat to native ecosystems worldwide. It has been listed as one of the top 100 worst invasive species in the world and is well known for its negative impact on native arthropods and some vertebrates. This study aimed to confirm the presence or absence of in some major South African harbours.

New genera of Afrotropical Chalcidoidea (Hymenoptera: Cerocephalidae, Epichrysomallidae, Pirenidae and Pteromalidae).

As a preliminary step towards the development of a key to genera of several families of Afrotropical Chalcidoidea, seven new genera in four families are described: Cerocephalidae- Mitroiu, gen. nov. (type species: Mitroiu, sp.

Out of the desert: Paleoclimatic changes drove the diversification of arid-adapted Ocymyrmex ants in southern Africa.

A highly endemic ant fauna is found in the arid regions of southern Africa, including species in the genus Ocymyrmex. This genus of ants has higher species richness in the western arid regions of southern Africa compared to tropical and subtropical parts of the continent. The processes that have produced these patterns of diversity and distribution of arid adapted ants in southern Africa have never been investigated.

The Chalcidoidea bush of life: evolutionary history of a massive radiation of minute wasps.

Chalcidoidea are mostly parasitoid wasps that include as many as 500 000 estimated species. Capturing phylogenetic signal from such a massive radiation can be daunting. Chalcidoidea is an excellent example of a hyperdiverse group that has remained recalcitrant to phylogenetic resolution.

A taxonomic revision of the Old World genus Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Scelionidae).

The genus Kieffer (Scelionidae: Scelioninae) is known only from the Old World: Kenya, Tanzania, Malawi, South Africa, Madagascar, southern India, the island of New Guinea, and eastern Australia. After revision, 10 species are recognized. Four species were previously recognized and are redescribed: Risbec (Madagascar), Saraswat (India: Kerala), Kieffer (Australia: Queensland), and Dodd (Australia: Queensland).

Early onset ataxia with comorbid myoclonus and epilepsy: A disease spectrum with shared molecular pathways and cortico-thalamo-cerebellar network involvement.

Objectives: Early onset ataxia (EOA) concerns a heterogeneous disease group, often presenting with other comorbid phenotypes such as myoclonus and epilepsy. Due to genetic and phenotypic heterogeneity, it can be difficult to identify the underlying gene defect from the clinical symptoms. The pathological mechanisms underlying comorbid EOA phenotypes remain largely unknown.

Revision of the endemic African genus (Dinapsini, Megalyridae, Hymenoptera) with description of seven new species.

The endemic Afrotropical genus is revised, and seven new species are described and illustrated: van Noort & Shaw, , van Noort & Shaw, , van Noort & Shaw, , van Noort & Shaw, , van Noort & Shaw, , Shaw & van Noort, , Shaw & van Noort, The distribution of the Central African Republican species Shaw & van Noort, 2009 is extended to include Cameroon, Kenya and Uganda. Waterston, 1922, previously only known from the poorly preserved holotype female, is redescribed based on newly collected specimens. The distribution of this Western Cape species is extended to include the Eastern and Northern Cape provinces of South Africa.

Afronympha, a new genus of Entedoninae (Hymenoptera: Eulophidae) from the rainforests of Africa.

Afronympha gen. nov. is described for the single known species A.

Developmental neurobiology of cerebellar and Basal Ganglia connections.

Background: The high prevalence of mixed phenotypes of Early Onset Ataxia (EOA) with comorbid dystonia has shifted the pathogenetic concept from the cerebellum towards the interconnected cerebellar motor network. This paper on EOA with comorbid dystonia (EOA-dystonia) explores the conceptual relationship between the motor phenotype and the cortico-basal-ganglia-ponto-cerebellar network.

Methods: In EOA-dystonia, we reviewed anatomic-, genetic- and biochemical-studies on the comorbidity between ataxia and dystonia.

Integrative Genomic Analysis of Pediatric Myeloid-Related Acute Leukemias Identifies Novel Subtypes and Prognostic Indicators.

Unlabelled: Genomic characterization of pediatric patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML) has led to the discovery of somatic mutations with prognostic implications. Although gene-expression profiling can differentiate subsets of pediatric AML, its clinical utility in risk stratification remains limited. Here, we evaluate gene expression, pathogenic somatic mutations, and outcome in a cohort of 435 pediatric patients with a spectrum of pediatric myeloid-related acute leukemias for biological subtype discovery.

Species Diversity and Phylogenetic Relationships of Olive Lace Bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae) Found in South Africa.

Olive lace bugs (Hemiptera: Tingidae) are small sap-sucking insects that feed on wild and cultivated . The diversity of olive lace bug species in South Africa, the most important olive producer on the continent, has been incompletely surveyed. Adult specimens were collected in the Western Cape province for morphological and DNA-based species identification, and sequencing of complete mitogenomes.

Ultra-Conserved Elements and morphology reciprocally illuminate conflicting phylogenetic hypotheses in Chalcididae (Hymenoptera, Chalcidoidea).

Recent technical advances combined with novel computational approaches have promised the acceleration of our understanding of the tree of life. However, when it comes to hyperdiverse and poorly known groups of invertebrates, studies are still scarce. As published phylogenies will be rarely challenged by future taxonomists, careful attention must be paid to potential analytical bias.

Adsorption of titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto zebrafish eggs affects colonizing microbiota.

Teleost fish embryos are protected by two acellular membranes against particulate pollutants that are present in the water column. These membranes provide an effective barrier preventing particle uptake. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that the adsorption of antimicrobial titanium dioxide nanoparticles onto zebrafish eggs nevertheless harms the developing embryo by disturbing early microbial colonization.

Revision of the endemic Afrotropical genus (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) with an identification key to genera of Banchinae for the region.

The Afrotropical banchine fauna comprises 12 genera: Morley, Kriechbaumer, Taschenberg, Gravenhorst, Morley, Schmiedeknecht, Gravenhorst, Szépligeti, Cameron, Förster, Seyrig, and Viktorov. A well-illustrated revised key to the genera using high definition images is provided, and the endemic Afrotropical genus is revised, previously represented by two described species. Four new species are described: , , , and The first species-level identification key is provided for this rare genus.

Sleep slow-wave homeostasis and cognitive functioning in children with electrical status epilepticus in sleep.

Study Objectives: Encephalopathy with electrical status epilepticus in sleep (ESES) is characterized by non-rapid eye movement (non-REM)-sleep-induced epileptiform activity and acquired cognitive deficits. The synaptic homeostasis hypothesis describes the process of daytime synaptic potentiation balanced by synaptic downscaling in non-REM-sleep and is considered crucial to retain an efficient cortical network. We aimed to study the overnight decline of slow waves, an indirect marker of synaptic downscaling, in patients with ESES and explore whether altered downscaling relates to neurodevelopmental and behavioral problems.

First report of the lace bug Neoplerochila paliatseasi (Rodrigues, 1981) (Hemiptera: Tingidae) infesting cultivated olive trees in South Africa, and its complete mitochondrial sequence.

Olive lace bugs are small phytophagous Hemipteran insects known to cause agricultural losses in olive production in South Africa. Plerochila australis (Distant, 1904) has been reported as the species responsible for damage to olive trees; however, the diversity of olive lace bug species in the region has lacked attention. Adult olive lace bugs were collected incidentally from wild and cultivated olive trees in the Western Cape Province, and identified as P.

Review of Afrotropical Glenosema Kieffer (Hymenoptera, Bethylidae) with description of 13 new species.

The Afrotropical species of Glenosema are reviewed. Seventeen species are recognized, four previously described species, G. niloticum (Kieffer), G.

Extensive sampling and thorough taxonomic assessment of Afrotropical Rhyssinae (Hymenoptera, Ichneumonidae) reveals two new species and demonstrates the limitations of previous sampling efforts.

Tropical forest invertebrates, such as the parasitoid wasp family Ichneumonidae, are poorly known. This work reports some of the first results of an extensive survey implemented in Kibale National Park, Uganda. A total of 456 individuals was caught of the subfamily Rhyssinae Morley, 1913, which in the Afrotropical region was previously known from only 30 specimens.

The biodistribution and immuno-responses of differently shaped non-modified gold particles in zebrafish embryos.

Important questions raised in (nano)ecotoxicology are whether biodistribution of nanoparticles (NPs) is affected by particle shape and to what extent local adverse responses are subsequently initiated. For nanomedicine, these same questions become important when the labeled NPs lose the labeling. In this study, we investigated the biodistribution patterns of gold nanoparticles (AuNPs) as well as immune-related local and systemic sublethal markers of exposure and behavioral assessment.