Dual Checkpoint Inhibition in M2 Macrophages via Anti-PD-L1 and siRNA-Loaded M1-Exosomes: Enhancing Tumor Immunity through RNA-Targeting Strategies.

The interaction between a cluster of differentiation 47 (CD47) on cancer cells and signal regulatory protein alpha (SIRPα) on macrophages is thought to hinder macrophage phagocytic activity, which can be blocked by combining siRNAs targeting SIRPα (siSIRPα) with simultaneous involvement of activating receptors like FcRs (Fc receptors) anti-programmed death-ligand 1 (anti-PD-L1). For this study, M1 macrophage-derived exosomes were used to deliver the siRNAs, isolated from lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW264.7 cells and electroporated with siSIRPα.

Enhancing the anti-tumor activity and reprogramming M2 macrophages by delivering siRNAs against SIRPα and STAT6 via M1 exosomes and combining with anti-PD-L1.

Background: The invasive property of breast cancer and the complex composition of the tumor microenvironment (TME) antibodies like anti-PD-L1, can inhibit tumor growth by promoting macrophage phagocytosis. In this research, we used anti-PD-L1 antibody and siRNAs targeting SIRPα (siSIRPα) and STAT6 (siSTAT6). The siRNAs were transported to macrophages using M1-derived exosomes.

Elucidating the Significance of Zonulin in the Pathogenesis of Chronic Inflammatory Disorders: Emphasis on Intestinal Barrier Function and Tight Junction Regulation.

The intestinal barrier, a critical component of the body's defense system, plays a vital role in maintaining homeostasis by preventing the translocation of harmful substances from the gut lumen into the bloodstream. Disruptions in this barrier, often characterized by increased intestinal permeability, are increasingly recognized as contributors to the development and progression of various Chronic Inflammatory Disorders (CIDs). Zonulin, a key regulator of intestinal Tight Junctions (TJs), has emerged as a pivotal player in this process.

CircZNF609 and circNFIX as possible regulators of glioblastoma pathogenesis via miR-145-5p/EGFR axis.

Glioblastoma is a rare and deadly malignancy with a low survival rate. Emerging evidence has shown that aberrantly expressed circular RNAs (circRNAs) play a critical role in the initiation and progression of GBM tumorigenesis. The oncogenic function of circZNF609 and circNFIX is involved in several types of cancer, but the role and underlying mechanism of these circRNAs in glioblastoma remain unclear.

SARS-CoV-2 helicase might interfere with cellular nonsense-mediated RNA decay: insights from a bioinformatics study.

Background: Viruses employ diverse strategies to interfere with host defense mechanisms, including the production of proteins that mimic or resemble host proteins. This study aimed to analyze the similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and human proteins, investigate their impact on virus-host interactions, and elucidate underlying mechanisms.

Results: Comparing the proteins of SARS-CoV-2 with human and mammalian proteins revealed sequence and structural similarities between viral helicase with human UPF1.

Blockade of Proteinase-Activated Receptor 2 (PAR2) Attenuates Neuroinflammation in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Proteinase-activated receptor-2 (PAR2), which modulates inflammatory responses, is elevated in the central nervous system in multiple sclerosis (MS) and in its murine model, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). In PAR2-null mice, disease severity of EAE is markedly diminished. We therefore tested whether inhibiting PAR2 activation in vivo might be a viable strategy for the treatment of MS.

Clinical Correlation of Altered Molecular Signatures in Epileptic Human Hippocampus and Amygdala.

Widespread alterations in the expression of various genes could contribute to the pathogenesis of epilepsy. The expression levels of various genes, including major inhibitory and excitatory receptors, ion channels, cell type-specific markers, and excitatory amino acid transporters, were assessed and compared between the human epileptic hippocampus and amygdala, and findings from autopsy controls. Moreover, the potential correlation between molecular alterations in epileptic brain tissues and the clinical characteristics of patients undergoing epilepsy surgery was evaluated.

Involvement of NRON and TUG1 long noncoding RNAs in inflammation and the pathogenesis of EAE.

There is growing evidence that the long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) contribute to the pathogenesis of various neurodegenerative diseases such as multiple sclerosis (MS). The role of lncRNAs nuclear repressor of NFAT (NRON) and Taurine up-regulated 1 (TUG1) in the inflammatory processes occurring in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) model of MS is yet to be investigated. Transcript levels of and in acute and chronic phases of EAE and cultured macrophages as well as the correlation between and expression with inflammatory cytokines, were evaluated in this study.

Vitamins A and D Enhance the Expression of Ror-γ-Targeting miRNAs in a Mouse Model of Multiple Sclerosis.

Autoreactive T cells, particularly those characterized by a Th17 phenotype, exert significant influence on the pathogenesis of multiple sclerosis (MS). The present study aimed to elucidate the impact of individual and combined administration of vitamin A and D on neuroinflammation, and microRNAs (miRNAs) involved in T helper (Th)17 development, utilizing a murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice, and 3 days prior to immunization, intraperitoneal injections of vitamins A and D or their combination were administered.

Rewiring of miRNA-mRNA bipartite co-expression network as a novel way to understand the prostate cancer related players.

The differential expression and direct targeting of mRNA by miRNA are two main logics of the traditional approach to constructing the miRNA-mRNA network. This approach, could be led to the loss of considerable information and some challenges of direct targeting. To avoid these problems, we analyzed the rewiring network and constructed two miRNA-mRNA expression bipartite networks for both normal and primary prostate cancer tissue obtained from PRAD-TCGA.

MicroRNA-124 Enhances T Cells Functions by Manipulating the Lactic Acid Metabolism of Tumor Cells.

High production of lactic acid is a common feature of various tumors. Lactic acid is an immunosuppressive molecule with crucial roles in tumor cells' immune escape, which could largely be attributed to its negative effects on the T cells present in the tumor microenvironment (TME). Strategies that decrease the glycolysis rate of tumor cells could enhance immunosurveillance and limit tumor growth.

Phytochemical Analysis and Biological Activity of Vent.

Background: extracts have various biological activities and are rich sources of bioactive metabolites.

Objectives: We identified five phytochemicals from extract and assessed its biological properties.

Methods: The plant's shoots were extracted using dichloromethane, and the constituents were isolated using column chromatography.

Molecular study and antifungal susceptibility profile of and strains isolated from lesions of humans and cattle.

Background And Objectives: Monitoring of contagious diseases is important to advance our knowledge of their epidemiology and to enable more impressive investigation and prevention efforts. This study aimed to examine antifungal drug susceptibility and molecular analysis of clinical isolates of and in humans and cattle.

Materials And Methods: A total of 400 patients and 500 cattle were evaluated in this study.

Investigation the effects of silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on expression of and genes in biofilm formation of .

Background And Objectives: is one of the main pathogens of the hospital and causes various infections. involved in the initial surface attachment during biofilm formation and gene produces specific proteins at the cell surface that play a direct role in formation of biofilm and the infectivity of this bacterium. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of silver nanoparticles and gold nanoparticles on the expression of and genes in the biofilm formation.

A Combination of Physical and Chemical Treatments Is More Effective in The Preparation of Acellular Uterine Scaffolds.

Objective: Decellularized uterine scaffold, as a new achievement in tissue engineering, enables recellularization and regeneration of uterine tissues and supports pregnancy in a fashion comparable to the intact uterus. The acellular methods are methods preferred in many respects due to their similarity to normal tissue, so it is necessary to try to introduce an acellularization protocol with minimum disadvantages and maximum advantages. Therefore, this study aimed to compare different protocols to achieve the optimal uterus decellularization method for future in vitro and in vivo bioengineering experiments.

Isolation and in vitro Expansion of Regulatory T Cells from β-Thalassemia Major Kids and in vitro Evaluation of Their Plasticity and Inhibitory Effects in the Presence of Pro-Inflammatory Cytokines.

Introduction: Graft-versus-host disease (GvHD) is a life-threatening syndrome commonly associated with hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT). Preventing the incidence of GVHD after HSCT along with minimizing long-term immunosuppression is currently under investigation with regulatory T cells (Tregs). As Tregs are a low-frequency population and the yield of all memory Tregs is not sufficient for clinical application, an initial Treg expansion is essential.

Influence of Vitamins A and D on the Expression of MicroRNA27-3p Isoforms and GATA3 in Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis.

Vitamins A, D, and microRNAs contribute to T cell differentiation into TH2 phenotypes. We investigated the molecular mechanisms and effects of vitamin A and D on the expression of GATA3 and miR-27-3p isoforms in experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE) animal model of multiple sclerosis. EAE was induced in C57BL/6 mice by immunization with myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein, mixed with Complete Freund's Adjuvant, together with injection of pertussis toxin.

A Review of Molecular Interplay between Neurotrophins and miRNAs in Neuropsychological Disorders.

Various neurotrophins (NTs), including nerve growth factor, brain-derived neurotrophic factor, neurotrophin-3, and neurotrophin-4, promote cellular differentiation, survival, and maintenance, as well as synaptic plasticity, in the peripheral and central nervous system. The function of microRNAs (miRNAs) and other small non-coding RNAs, as regulators of gene expression, is pivotal for the appropriate control of cell growth and differentiation. There are positive and negative loops between NTs and miRNAs, which exert modulatory effects on different signaling pathways.

The importance of regulatory pathway mediated by Circ0001955 in colorectal cancer.

Introduction: Colorectal cancer (CRC) has become one of the most common cancers in recent years. Given the importance that non-coding RNAs have recently acquired in various diseases including cancers, we decided to design this study to evaluate the expression levels of circ0001955/miR-145-5p/ONECUT2 axis in CRC.

Methods: After bioinformatics analysis of GEO datasets related to CRC, a putative circ0001955/ miR-145-5p/ ONECUT2 pathway was assumed.

Development of a Multiepitope Vaccine Against SARS-CoV-2: Immunoinformatics Study.

Background: Since the first appearance of SARS-CoV-2 in China in December 2019, the world witnessed the emergence of the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak. Due to the high transmissibility rate of the virus, there is an urgent need to design and develop vaccines against SARS-CoV-2 to prevent more cases affected by the virus.

Objective: A computational approach is proposed for vaccine design against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein, as the key target for neutralizing antibodies, and envelope (E) protein, which contains a conserved sequence feature.

Long non-coding RNA HOTAIR induces the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway in breast cancer cells.

Objective: The phosphoinositide 3-kinase/protein kinase AKT/mammalian target of rapamycin signaling pathway is essential for proper cellular metabolism and cell growth. However, aberrant activation of this pathway has been linked to the progression and metastasis of breast cancer. Recently, the role of long non-coding RNAs in interfering with the cell signaling pathways involved in cell growth and metabolism has been identified.

rbioapi: user-friendly R interface to biologic web services' API.

Summary: Many packages serve as an interface between R language and the Application Programming Interface (API) of databases and web services. There is usually a 'one-package to one-service' correspondence, which poses challenges such as consistency to the users and scalability to the developers. This, among other issues, has motivated us to develop a package as a framework to facilitate the implementation of API resources in the R language.

Neuroinflammatory Response in Reward-Associated Psychostimulants and Opioids: A Review.

Substance abuse is one of the significant problems in social and public health worldwide. Vast numbers of evidence illustrate that motivational and reinforcing impacts of addictive drugs are primarily attributed to their ability to change dopamine signaling in the reward circuit. However, the roles of classic neurotransmitters, especially dopamine and neuromodulators, monoamines, and neuropeptides, in reinforcing characteristics of abused drugs have been extensively investigated.

C1q/TNF-related protein-1: Potential biomarker for early diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder.

Introduction: Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are neurodevelopmental diseases characterized by communication inabilities, social interaction impairment, repetitive behavior, as well as learning problems. Although the exact mechanism underlying this disease is still obscure, researchers believe that several factors play a significant role in its development and pathogenesis. Some authors have reported an association between adipokines family and autism.

SARS-CoV-2 spike protein displays sequence similarities with paramyxovirus surface proteins; a bioinformatics study.

Recent emergence of SARS-CoV-2 and associated COVID-19 pandemic have posed a great challenge for the scientific community. In this study, we performed bioinformatic analyses on SARS-CoV-2 protein sequences, trying to unravel potential molecular similarities between this newly emerged pathogen with non-coronavirus ssRNA viruses. Comparing the proteins of SARS-CoV-2 with non-coronavirus positive and negative strand ssRNA viruses revealed multiple sequence similarities between SARS-CoV-2 and non-coronaviruses, including similarities between RNA-dependent RNA-polymerases and helicases (two highly-conserved proteins).