Electroconvulsive therapy and cognitive performance from the Global ECT MRI Research Collaboration.

The Global ECT MRI Research Collaboration (GEMRIC) has collected clinical and neuroimaging data of patients treated with electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) from around the world. Results to date have focused on neuroimaging correlates of antidepressant response. GEMRIC sites have also collected longitudinal cognitive data.

Resting-state functional MRI in treatment-resistant schizophrenia.

Background: Abnormalities in brain regions involved in the pathophysiology of schizophrenia (SCZ) may present insight into individual clinical symptoms. Specifically, functional connectivity irregularities may provide potential biomarkers for treatment response or treatment resistance, as such changes can occur before any structural changes are visible. We reviewed resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI) findings from the last decade to provide an overview of the current knowledge on brain functional connectivity abnormalities and their associations to symptoms in treatment-resistant schizophrenia (TRS) and ultra-treatment-resistant schizophrenia (UTRS) and to look for support for the dysconnection hypothesis.

Limbic Responses to Aversive Visual Stimuli during the Acute and Recovery Phase of Takotsubo Syndrome.

The role of the limbic system in the acute phase and during the recovery of takotsubo syndrome needs further clarification. In this longitudinal study, anatomical and task-based functional magnetic resonance imaging of the brain was performed during an emotional picture paradigm in 19 postmenopausal female takotsubo syndrome patients in the acute and recovery phases in comparison to sex- and aged-matched 15 healthy controls and 15 patients presenting with myocardial infarction. Statistical analyses were performed based on the general linear model where aversive and positive picture conditions were included in order to reveal group differences during encoding of aversive versus positive pictures and longitudinal changes.

Neurometabolite correlates with personality and stress in healthy emerging adults: A focus on sex differences.

Personality traits have been linked with both brain structure and function. However, the exact relationship between personality traits and other behavioural measures with neurometabolites, measured with proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy, is not clear. Here we investigated the association between behavioural measures (i.

Functional neuroimaging in the acute phase of Takotsubo syndrome: volumetric and functional changes of the right insular cortex.

Background: A brain-heart interaction has been proposed in Takotsubo syndrome (TTS). Structural changes in the limbic system and hypoconnectivity between certain brain areas in the chronic phase of the disease have been reported, but little is known concerning functional neuroimaging in the acute phase. We hypothesized anatomical and functional changes in the central nervous system and investigated whole-brain volumetric and functional connectivity alterations in the acute phase TTS patients compared to controls.

Second language learning induces grey matter volume increase in people with multiple sclerosis.

Background: Grey matter volume (GMV) decline is a frequent finding in multiple sclerosis (MS), the most common chronic neurological disease in young adults. Increases of GMV were detected in language related brain regions following second language (L2) learning in healthy adults. Effects of L2 learning in people with MS (pwMS) have not been investigated so far.

Impairment of odor discrimination and identification is associated with disability progression and gray matter atrophy of the olfactory system in MS.

Background: Impairment of odor discrimination (D), identification (I), and threshold (T) are characteristic features of multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective: To identify patterns of gray matter concentration (GMC) associated with different qualities of olfactory function.

Methods: Olfactory function (T and combined DI score) was measured by Sniffin' Sticks-Test over 2 years longitudinally, and T1-weighted 3-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was performed in 37 MS patients and 18 matched healthy controls (HCs).

The reorganization of functional architecture in the early-stages of Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: The study aim was to identify longitudinal abnormalities of functional connectivity and its relation with motor disability in early to moderately advanced stages of Parkinson's disease patients.

Methods: 3.0T structural and resting-state functional MRI was performed in healthy subjects (n = 16) and Parkinson's disease patients (n = 16) with mean disease duration of 2.

Transient effects of tumor location on the functional architecture at rest in glioblastoma patients: three longitudinal case studies.

Background: The cognitive function of brain tumor patients is affected during the treatment. There is evidence that gliomas and surgery alter the functional brain connectivity but studies on the longitudinal effects are lacking.

Methods: We acquired longitudinal (pre- and post-radiotherapy) resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging on three selected glioblastoma patients.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging in disorders of consciousness: preliminary results of an innovative analysis of brain connectivity.

The aim of this preliminary study was to present a new approach for connectivity analysis in patients with severe acquired brain injury (ABI) that overcomes some of the difficulties created by anatomical abnormalities due to the brain injury. Using a data-driven approach, resting-state structural MRI (sMRI) and functional MRI (fMRI) data from three severe ABI patients - two with disorders of consciousness (DOC) and one who had recovered consciousness (non-DOC) - were integrated and analyzed. Parameters extracted from the distribution of the connectivity values, such as mean, standard deviation and skeweness, were considered.