Pre-operative mechanical bowel preparation and prophylactic oral antibiotics for pediatric patients undergoing elective colorectal surgery: a protocol for a randomized controlled feasibility trial.

Background: Infections after elective colorectal surgery remain a significant burden for patients and the healthcare system. Adult studies suggest that the combination of oral antibiotics and mechanical bowel preparation is effective at reducing infections after colorectal surgery. In children, there is limited evidence for either of these practices and the utility of combining oral antibiotics with mechanical bowel preparation remains uncertain.

The fragility of statistically significant findings from randomized controlled trials in pediatric appendicitis: A systematic review.

Purpose: Randomized controlled trials (RCT) in pediatric appendicitis remain limited, and the robustness of available evidence is unknown. The aim of this study was to determine the fragility of results in pediatric appendicitis RCTs.

Methods: A systematic search of Embase and MEDLINE was performed.

Pathophysiology, prevention, treatment, and outcomes of intestinal failure-associated liver disease.

Background: Intestinal failure-associated liver disease (IFALD) remains a serious problem in the treatment of infants with nutritional problems and short bowel syndrome.

Methods: A review of the recent literature from 2010 to 2016, concentrating on articles related to the pathophysiology of IFALD and to outcomes of novel nutritional and pharmacological therapies for neonatal cholestasis in the post-surgical neonate.

Results: The pathophysiology of IFALD relates to an increase sensitivity of the neonatal liver to cholestasis in the non-fed state; prolonged cholestasis almost inevitably results in liver damage which will progress from fibrosis to cirrhosis.

Hamartoma of the urinary bladder in a 15-year-old boy.

Hamartoma of the bladder is an unusual entity described in only eleven patients to date. It may present as painless hematuria, irritative urinary tract symptoms, or inability to void or it may be diagnosed incidentally. Hamartoma of the bladder may be isolated or occur as part of a syndrome.

Congenital duodenal obstruction associated with Down's syndrome presenting with hematemesis.

Congenital duodenal obstruction is usually characterized by onset of early vomiting due to high bowel obstruction. Presentation of congenital duodenal obstruction with acute gastrointestinal bleeding is very uncommon. We present an unusual case of congenital intrinsic duodenal obstruction associated with the Down's syndrome presenting with hematemesis secondary to duodenitis.

Role of ultrasonography in the preoperative assessment of impalpable testes: a single center experience.

Background. Abdominoscrotal sonogram is often used in boys with a nonpalpable testis to determine the presence of the testis. We describe our experience with the use of ultrasonography in boys with a nonpalpable testis.