Does the ArthroSim™ Shoulder Simulation Discriminate Between the Novice and Expert User? An External Validation Study of the ArthroSim™ Shoulder Arthroscopy Simulator.

Introduction: Our aim is to investigate the face validity and the construct validity of the ArthroSim™ virtual reality shoulder arthroscopy simulator (Touch of Life Technologies, Inc., Aurora, Colorado).

Materials And Methods: Fifteen doctors participated, with five from each of the following levels: novice with no arthroscopies performed, intermediate with less than 50 arthroscopies performed, and expert with over 100 arthroscopies performed.

Tricuspid valve replacement with mechanical versus biological prostheses: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background And Objective: Tricuspid valve replacement (TVR) is required when repair is not feasible, and it continues to be a relatively high-risk procedure owing to the complex medical and/or surgical profile of patients. The choice between mechanical and biological prostheses for TVR remains a subject of debate owing to their distinct advantages and disadvantages. This study aimed to analyse and compare the clinical outcomes of these two types of prostheses in the tricuspid position.

Is there a Possible Association between Multiple Myeloma Relapse and Coronavirus Disease 2019 Vaccination? A Case Report.

Due to the high morbidity and mortality of the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) in patients with malignancy, the necessity of vaccination in this group of patients became particularly important. Although a large number of studies have reported the safety of COVID-19 vaccination in multiple myeloma (MM) patients, the effect of the COVID-19 vaccine on MM relapse has not yet been reported. Here, we report a case of a possible association between relapse of MM and COVID-19 vaccination with Sinopharm, an inactivated virus vaccine, in a patient with MM who has remained in complete remission for about 4 years.

Pregnancy outcomes in renal transplant recipients: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Kidney transplantation is a superior treatment for end-stage renal disease (ESRD), compared with hemodialysis, offering better quality of life and birth outcomes in women with ESRD and lower fertility rates.

Objectives: To investigate the pregnancy, maternal, fetal, and graft outcomes following kidney transplantation in women with ESRD and evaluate the improvements in quality of life and associated risks.

Design: A systematic review and meta-analysis performed according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses and the Meta-analysis of Observational Studies in Epidemiology guidelines.

Predictors of voluntary uptake of modern contraceptive methods in rural Sindh, Pakistan.

The use of modern contraceptive methods (MCMs) has been stagnant for the last decade in Pakistan. The second most populous province, Sindh reports 25% of MCMs use. Various factors including demographics and health services utilization are associated with the uptake of family planning services.

Familial Alzheimer mutations stabilize synaptotoxic γ-secretase-substrate complexes.

Mutations that cause familial Alzheimer's disease (FAD) are found in amyloid precursor protein (APP) and presenilin, the catalytic component of γ-secretase, that together produce amyloid β-peptide (Aβ). Nevertheless, whether Aβ is the primary disease driver remains controversial. We report here that FAD mutations disrupt initial proteolytic events in the multistep processing of APP substrate C99 by γ-secretase.

A Quantum-Enhanced Precision Medicine Application to Support Data-Driven Clinical Decisions for the Personalized Treatment of Advanced Knee Osteoarthritis: The Development and Preliminary Validation of precisionKNEE_QNN.

Background Quantum computing and quantum machine learning (QML) are promising experimental technologies that can improve precision medicine applications by reducing the computational complexity of algorithms driven by big, unstructured, real-world data. The clinical problem of knee osteoarthritis is that, although some novel therapies are safe and effective, the response is variable, and defining the characteristics of an individual who will respond remains a challenge. In this study, we tested a quantum neural network (QNN) application to support precision data-driven clinical decisions to select personalized treatments for advanced knee osteoarthritis.

Effect of preterm birth on blood pressure in later life: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Introduction: Preterm birth is linked to various complications in both infancy and adulthood. We assessed the association between preterm birth and hypertension in adulthood.

Materials And Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane CENTRAL Register were searched for randomized controlled trials (RCT) comparing systolic and diastolic blood pressures in individuals born preterm and those born full-term, from inception till April 11, 2022.

Efficacy of Transarterial Chemoembolization Combined With Camrelizumab in the Treatment of Hepatocellular Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common primary cancer of liver tissue and is often caused by chronic liver diseases. The Barcelona Clinic Liver Cancer (BCLC) staging system is commonly used to determine the stage and prognosis of HCC. Transarterial chemoembolization (TACE) is the recommended first-line therapy for intermediate-stage HCC (patients who have asymptomatic, multi-nodular hepatocellular carcinoma).

A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis on Effectiveness of Mineralocorticoid Receptor Antagonists in Reducing the Risk of Atrial Fibrillation.

Mineralocorticoid receptor antagonists (MRAs) are known to improve clinical outcomes in heart failure, particularly heart failure with reduced ejection fraction. However, the effect of MRAs on the incidence of and recurrence of atrial fibrillation (AF) is not well established. Therefore, databases, such as PubMed, EMBASE, and Cochrane Central, were searched from inception to September 2021 for randomized controlled trials of MRAs with AF as an outcome.

Early stage gastric adenocarcinoma: clinical and molecular landscapes.

Gastric adenocarcinoma, even when diagnosed at an early (localized) disease stage, poses a major health-care burden with cure rates that remain unsatisfactorily low, particularly in Western countries. This lack of progress reflects, among other aspects, the impracticality of early diagnosis, considerable variations in therapeutic approaches that is partly based on regional preferences, and the ingrained heterogeneity of gastric adenocarcinoma cells and their associated tumour microenvironment (TME). Clinical trials have long applied empirical interventions with the assumption that all early stage gastric adenocarcinomas are alike.

A Food Waste-Derived Organic Liquid Fertiliser for Sustainable Hydroponic Cultivation of Lettuce, Cucumber and Cherry Tomato.

We previously reported a sustainable food waste management approach to produce an acceptable organic liquid fertiliser for recycling food waste called "FoodLift." This study follows our previous work to evaluate the macronutrients and cation concentrations in harvested structural parts of lettuce, cucumber, and cherry tomatoes produced using food waste-derived liquid fertiliser (FoodLift) and compare them against commercial liquid fertiliser (CLF) under hydroponic conditions. N and P concentrations in the structural parts of lettuce and the fruit and plant structural parts of cucumber appear to be similar between FoodLift and CLF ( > 0.

APOBEC mutagenesis is a common process in normal human small intestine.

APOBEC mutational signatures SBS2 and SBS13 are common in many human cancer types. However, there is an incomplete understanding of its stimulus, when it occurs in the progression from normal to cancer cell and the APOBEC enzymes responsible. Here we whole-genome sequenced 342 microdissected normal epithelial crypts from the small intestines of 39 individuals and found that SBS2/SBS13 mutations were present in 17% of crypts, more frequent than most other normal tissues.

Sex differences in patient journeys to diagnosis, referral, and surgical treatment of trigeminal neuralgia: implications for equitable care.

Objective: Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is an orofacial pain disorder that is more prevalent in females than males. Although an increasing number of studies point to sex differences in chronic pain, how sex impacts TN patients' journeys to care has not been previously addressed. This study sought to investigate sex differences in patients' journeys to diagnosis, referral, and treatment of TN within a large national context.

Low-cost and clinically applicable copy number profiling using repeat DNA.

Background: Somatic copy number alterations (SCNAs) are an important class of genomic alteration in cancer. They are frequently observed in cancer samples, with studies showing that, on average, SCNAs affect 34% of a cancer cell's genome. Furthermore, SCNAs have been shown to be major drivers of tumour development and have been associated with response to therapy and prognosis.

Hemodynamic instability in the immediate postoperative setting after transcarotid artery revascularization.

Objective: Transcarotid artery revascularization (TCAR) is a relatively recent development in the management of carotid artery occlusive disease, the utilization of which is becoming more prevalent. This study aims to evaluate the timing, prevalence, and types of hemodynamic instability after TCAR.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all TCAR procedures performed at two tertiary care academic medical centers within a single hospital system from 2017 through 2019.

Platelet-Rich Plasma Augmentation of Arthroscopic Rotator Cuff Repair Lowers Retear Rates and Improves Short-Term Postoperative Functional Outcome Scores: A Systematic Review of Meta-Analyses.

Purpose: The purpose of this study is to conduct a systematic review of meta-analyses of rotator cuff repair using platelet-rich plasma (PRP) to identify whether PRP improves clinical function and rate of tendon retears. We will (1) conduct a systematic review of the current meta-analyses of rotator cuff repair using platelet-rich plasma available in the literature, (2) evaluate the quality of these meta-analyses using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Review (PRISMA) methodology, (3) identify whether PRP improves clinical function and rate of tendon retears, and develop guidance to improve future studies in this area.

Methods: We carried out a systematic review of previous meta-analyses published on the clinical outcomes of PRP used in the treatment of rotator cuff tears.

Comparison of the Effect of MFAT and MFAT + PRP on Treatment of Hip Osteoarthritis: An Observational, Intention-to-Treat Study at One Year.

Hip osteoarthritis (OA) is a major contributor to reduced quality of life and concomitant disability associated with lost working life months. Intra-articular injection of various biological materials has shown promise in alleviating symptoms and potentially slowing down the degenerative process. Here, we compared the effects of treatment of a cohort of 147 patients suffering from grade 1-4 hip OA; with either micro-fragmented adipose tissue (MFAT), or a combination of MFAT with platelet-rich plasma (PRP).

Differential expression of a brain aging biomarker across discrete chronic pain disorders.

Chronic pain has widespread, detrimental effects on the human nervous system and its prevalence and burden increase with age. Machine learning techniques have been applied on brain images to produce statistical models of brain aging. Specifically, the Gaussian process regression is particularly effective at predicting chronological age from neuroimaging data which permits the calculation of a brain age gap estimate (brain-AGE).

Presenilin Is Essential for ApoE Secretion, a Novel Role of Presenilin Involved in Alzheimer's Disease Pathogenesis.

Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a debilitating dementia characterized by progressive memory loss and aggregation of amyloid-β (Aβ) protein into amyloid plaques in patient brains. Mutations in presenilin (PS) lead to abnormal generation of Aβ, which is the major cause of familial AD (FAD), and apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) is the major genetic risk factor for sporadic AD (SAD) onset. However, whether dysfunction of PS is involved in the pathogenesis of SAD is largely unknown.