An integrative review on physical restraint in adult critical care unit.

Background: Physical restraints (PRs) are frequently used in adult critical care units to protect staff and prevent self-harm, despite the fact that they represent significant safety risks. Restraint complications may have an impact on the patient's long- and short-term outcomes. This integrative review aimed to meticulously evaluate existing evidence pertaining to physical restraint practices in adult critical care settings.

Temporal Delays in the Management of Traumatic Brain Injury: A Comparative Meta-Analysis of Global Literature.

Objective: A meta-analysis was conducted to compare: 1) time from traumatic brain injury (TBI) to the hospital, and 2) time within the hospital to intervention or surgery, by country-level income, World Health Organization region, and healthcare payment system.

Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted and followed by a meta-analysis comparing duration of delays (prehospital and intrahospital) in TBI management. Means and standard deviations were pooled using a random effects model and subgroup analysis was performed using R software.

Decision tree model for early use of semi-elemental formula versus standard polymeric formula in critically ill Malaysian patients: A cost-effectiveness study.

Background: Prevention of enteral feeding interruption (EFI) improves clinical outcomes of critically ill intensive care unit (ICU) patients. This leads to shorter ICU stays and thereby lowers healthcare costs. This study compared the cost of early use of semi-elemental formula (SEF) in ICU vs standard polymeric formula (SPF) under the Ministry of Health (MOH) system in Malaysia.

Retrospective analysis of dental treatment under general anesthesia among children with early childhood caries in Malaysia.

Many children are affected by early childhood caries (ECC) with some requiring dental treatment under general anesthesia (GA). In pediatric dentistry, GA is one of the established methods of behavior management. GA data is useful for understanding the caries burden among young children.

Evaluation of growth parameters and body condition score on weaning stages of Saanen goats.

Objective: There are three objectives in this study; 1) to measure the live weight of pre-and post-weaning Saanen kids; 2) to determine the growth curves between males and females pre-and post-weaning Saanen kids; and 3) to analyze the body condition score (BCS) between male and female pre-and post-weaning kids.

Materials And Methods: This study included pre-weaning kids aged 1 month, as well as post-weaning kids aged 3-6 months. 10 pre-weaning purebred Saanen kids ( = 5 male and = 5 female) and 20 post-weaning Saanen kids ( = 10 male and = 10 female) were employed in this investigation.

Metformin in nucleus accumbens core reduces cue-induced cocaine seeking in male and female rats.

This study investigated the potential therapeutic effects of the FDA-approved drug metformin on cue-induced reinstatement of cocaine seeking. Metformin (dimethyl-biguanide) is a first-line treatment for type II diabetes that, among other mechanisms, is involved in the activation of adenosine monophosphate activated protein kinase (AMPK). Cocaine self-administration and extinction is associated with decreased levels of phosphorylated AMPK within the nucleus accumbens core (NAcore).

Development and validation of an educational information web page for family members with relatives in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Aim: This paper describes the development and validation of an educational information web page designed for family members who have relatives in the Intensive Care Unit (ICU).

Background: Family members with relatives in the ICU always encounter a stressful experience. Hence, healthcare providers play a crucial in educating and alleviating the psychological distress experienced by family members with relatives in the ICU.

Dental procedures and operating time under day-care general anesthesia among medically compromised and uncooperative pediatric patients.

Objective: To analyze dental procedures and operating time provided to medically compromised and uncooperative pediatric patients under general anesthesia (GA).

Method And Materials: This cross-sectional retrospective study reviewed hospital records of pediatric patients treated under day-care GA at a Malaysian university hospital between January 2013 and December 2019. Dental procedures were categorized into preventive, restorative, pulp therapy, extraction, and surgical procedures.

A rare case of sinonasal solitary fibrous tumour in a patient with concurrent papillary thyroid carcinoma: A case report.

Introduction And Importance: A solitary fibrous tumour (SFT) is a rare neoplasm that commonly arises in the pleura and can occur in other extrathoracic sites. Extrapleural SFT, particularly in the sinonasal cavity, is extremely rare. There are no definite diagnostic criteria for sinonasal SFT as it is rare.

Variations and Determinants of Anemia among Reproductive Age Women in Five Sub-Saharan Africa Countries.

Background: The Ghana Demographic and Health Survey 2014 report indicates that anemia among women in their reproductive age in the country stood at 42 percent, making it a severe public health problem according to the World Health Organization (WHO) classification. WHO Global Observatory data indicates that some sub-Saharan African countries have been able to reduce the prevalence of anemia among women of reproductive age compared to Ghana in 2016. To inform policy decisions, data from the Demographic and Health Surveys 2014-2018 were analyzed to determine the disparities in the prevalence of anemia and related factors among women of reproductive age in Ghana, Ethiopia, Uganda, Tanzania, and Rwanda.

Psychological distress among the family members of Intensive Care Unit (ICU) patients: A scoping review.

Aims And Objectives: To map research-based psychological distress among the family members with patients in the intensive care unit (ICU).

Background: Having a loved one in the ICU is a stressful experience, which may cause psychological distress for family members. Depression, anxiety and stress are the common forms of psychological distress associated with ICU patient's family members.

Prevalence and duration of reasons for enteral nutrition feeding interruption in a tertiary intensive care unit.

Objectives: Intensive care unit (ICU) enteral nutrition (EN) can involve frequent feeding interruption (FI). The prevalence, causes, and duration of such interruption were investigated.

Methods: Reasons for EN FI identified from extensive literature review were prospectively collected in adult mechanically ventilated critically ill patients.

Joint modelling of longitudinal 3MS scores and the risk of mortality among cognitively impaired individuals.

Background: Modified Mini-Mental State Examination (3MS) is an instrument administered by trained personnel to examine levels of participants' cognitive function. However, the association between changes in scores over time and the risk of death (mortality) is not known. The aims of this study are to examine the association between 3MS scores and mortality via cognitive impairment among older women and to determine individuals' risk of changes in scores to better predict their survival and mortality rates.

Influence of two-electrode montages on the level-specific (LS) CE-Chirp auditory brainstem response (ABR) at multiple intensity levels.

Objective: To investigate the influence of two different electrode montages (ipsilateral: reference to mastoid and vertical: reference to nape of neck) to the ABR results recorded using a level-specific (LS)-CE-Chirp® in normally hearing subjects at multiple intensities levels.

Design: Quasi-experimental and repeated measure study designs were applied in this study. Two different stopping criteria were used, (1) a fixed-signal averaging 4000 sweeps and, (2) a minimum quality indicator of Fmp = 3.

Impact of Physical Activity on Cognitive Decline, Dementia, and Its Subtypes: Meta-Analysis of Prospective Studies.

The association of physical activity with dementia and its subtypes has remained controversial in the literature and has continued to be a subject of debate among researchers. A systematic review and meta-analysis of longitudinal studies on the relationship between physical activity and the risk of cognitive decline, all-cause dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and vascular dementia among nondemented subjects are considered. A comprehensive literature search in all available databases was conducted up until April 2016.

High frequency oscillatory ventilation in leptospirosis pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome: A case series study.

Hypoxemia in severe leptospirosis-associated pulmonary hemorrhage syndrome (LPHS) is a challenging clinical scenario not usually responsive to maximal support on mechanical ventilation. We described the efficacy and safety of high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) as rescue therapy in acute respiratory failure secondary to LPHS. This is a retrospective case study of five patients with diagnosis of severe LPHS, who were admitted to Intensive Care Unit from October 2014 to January 2015.

The beta Burr type X distribution properties with application.

We develop a new continuous distribution called the beta-Burr type X distribution that extends the Burr type X distribution. The properties provide a comprehensive mathematical treatment of this distribution. Further more, various structural properties of the new distribution are derived, that includes moment generating function and the rth moment thus generalizing some results in the literature.

Temporal and spatial mapping of hand, foot and mouth disease in Sarawak, Malaysia.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is endemic in Sarawak, Malaysia. In this study, a geographical information system (GIS) was used to investigate the relationship between the reported HFMD cases and the spatial patterns in 11 districts of Sarawak from 2006 to 2012. Within this 7-years period, the highest number of reported HFMD cases occurred in 2006, followed by 2012, 2008, 2009, 2007, 2010 and 2011, in descending order.

Bayesian inference of the Weibull model based on interval-censored survival data.

Interval-censored data consist of adjacent inspection times that surround an unknown failure time. We have in this paper reviewed the classical approach which is maximum likelihood in estimating the Weibull parameters with interval-censored data. We have also considered the Bayesian approach in estimating the Weibull parameters with interval-censored data under three loss functions.

Effect of ion pair on thermostability of F1 protease: integration of computational and experimental approaches.

A thermophilic Bacillus stearothermophilus F1 produces an extremely thermostable serine protease. The F1 protease sequence was used to predict its three-dimensional (3D) structure to provide better insights into the relationship between the protein structure and biological function and to identify opportunities for protein engineering. The final model was evaluated to ensure its accuracy using three independent methods: Procheck, Verify3D, and Errat.

Generating correlated discrete ordinal data using R and SAS IML.

Correlated ordinal data are common in many areas of research. The data may arise from longitudinal studies in biology, medical, or clinical fields. The prominent characteristic of these data is that the within-subject observations are correlated, whilst between-subject observations are independent.

Relationship between Appetite, Food Intake and Body Composition among Elderly Malays from an Urban Residential Area in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.

Loss of appetite, decrease in food intake and changes in body composition appear to be inter-related factors that can influence the well-being of older individuals. Therefore, a study was conducted to determine the level of appetite, food intake and its relation to body composition and functional status among noninstitutionalised elderly Malays in Cheras, Kuala Lumpur. The Council on Nutrition Appetite Questionnaire (CNAQ), Diet History Questionnaire (DHQ), Bio-impedance Analysis (BIA) and Instrumental Activity of Daily Living (IADL) questionnaire and handgrip dynamometer were used to measure appetite, food intake, body composition and functional status respectively.

Prevalence and associated factors of head lice infestation among primary schoolchildren in Kelantan, Malaysia.

Head lice infestation contributes a significant morbidity among schoolchildren in Malaysia. A cross-sectional study was designed to determine the prevalence and associated factors of head lice infestation among primary schoolchildren in Kelantan, Malaysia. Six schools were randomly selected from three sub-districts of Kuala Krai, Kelantan.

Medication errors among geriatrics at the outpatient pharmacy in a teaching hospital in kelantan.

The main aim of this study was to determine the medication errors among geriatrics at the outpatient pharmacy in a teaching hospital in Kelantan and the strategies to minimize the prevalence. A retrospective study was conducted that involved screening of prescription for a one-month period (March 2001). Only 15.