Long-term health consequences of central precocious/early puberty (CPP) and treatment with Gn-RH analogue: a short update.

Background: The relationship between precocious or early puberty and its treatment has received significant research attention, yielding diverse outcomes. This short review aims to comprehensively analyze and summarize research articles to elucidate the potential link between precocious or early pubertal onset (CPP) and crucial health factors.

Methods: We conducted a systematic review of studies published from -January 2000 to March 2023, sourced from databases of Medline, PubMed, Google Scholar and Web of Science.

Qatar population-specific centile charts of placental weight in 80 722 newborns: relation to maternal age, gestational age, newborn birth weight, and gender, between the 37 th and 42 nd weeks of gestation.

Background: Data about placental weight (PW) in relation to birth weight (BW) and gestational age (GA) are lacking in Arabic countries.

Aims Of The Study: (a) to find out the national PW standards for babies born between 37th and 42nd weeks of gestation in male and female babies born in Qatar; (b) to study the relation, if any, between PW and maternal age, gestational age (GA), birth weight (BW), and gender of the newborn.

Materials And Methods: A National population-based retrospective chart review study was conducted between 1-2016 to 12-2019 (n = 80 722).

Nutritional studies in patients with β-thalassemia major: A short review.

Background: Patients with β-thalassemia major (BTM) had variable prevalence of undernutrition and abnormal body composition.  Methods: We performed an electronic search in PubMed, Scopus, Research gate, and Web of Sciences to evaluate the prevalence of nutritional disorders in patients with BTM worldwide in relation to their body composition and possible etiological factors. In addition, we reviewed the published nutritional intervention studies.

Postnatal Growth and Prevalence of Obesity in Infants Born Large-for-Gestational Age during the First 3 years of Life: Personal Experience and Exploration of Current Literature.

Aims Of The Study: We evaluated the growth patterns in a cohort of infants (n = 120) born large-for-gestational-age (LGA) [birth weight (Bwt) > 4 kg] from birth to age 3 years of age in comparison with normal age and sex-matched children (WHO).

Results: LGA infants had high weight for age Z score (WAZ) at birth that decreased significantly during the first 6 months of life (by a mean of - 0.67 SD) that was followed by significant gain during the following 6 months of life (around + 0.

Linear growth and prevalence of the different components of the metabolic syndrome (MetS) in young obese nondiabetic children (below 5 years) in comparison to older obese children (6-12 years).

Background: In Qatar, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adults is increasing in parallel with the markedly increasing trends in obesity rates.

Objective: The aim of our study was to assess the prevalence of different components of MetS, measure plasma atherogenic indexes (AIP), and to evaluate linear growth in young obese nondiabetic children (< 5 years) in comparison to older obese children (6-12 years).  Methods:  We analysed the anthropometric and biochemical profile of 135 random sample obese children who attended to the Paediatric Clinic of Hamad Medical Centre (HGH) in Doha (Qatar) from January 2018 to December 2019.

The long-term (five years) effects of prednisone therapy in children with frequently relapsing nephrotic syndrome: A controlled study of anthropometric parameters and metabolic abnormalities.

Background: Steroids are the main drugs used for the treatment of nephrotic syndrome (NS) in children.

Aim Of The Study: We investigated the steroid effect on linear growth and weight gain as well as the prevalence of different metabolic components and dysglycemia in children with NS with multiple relapses for 5 years in relation to the cumulative dose of steroids. Study population and sample size: Data of 30 children with NS were analyzed retrospectively.

Growth and Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) criteria in young children with classic Congenital Adrenal Hyperplasia (CAH) treated with corticosteroids (CS).

Background: Treatment of children with congenital adrenal hyperplasia (CAH) with corticosteroids (CS) may increase the risk for developing different components of metabolic syndrome (MetS).  Aim: We assessed the occurrence of cardiometabolic risk factors in children with CAH on treatment with CS since early infancy.

Methods: Data of 30 children with CAH were analyzed retrospectively.

A Short Review on Growth and Endocrine Long-term Complications in Children and Adolescents with β-Thalassemia Major: Conventional Treatment versus Hematopoietic Stem Cell Transplantation.

The conventional treatment of β-thalassemia (β-TM) patients is based on the correction of anemia through regular blood transfusions and iron chelation therapy. However, allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) remains the only currently available technique that has curative potential. Variable frequency and severity of long-term growth and endocrine changes after conventional treatment as well as after HSCT have been reported by different centers.

Sib-pair subgroup familial type 1 diabetes mellitus in children in the state of Qatar.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is the most common type of diabetes mellitus (DM) in children. It can be sporadic in onset or cluster in families, which comprises parent-offspring and sib-pair subgroups. The risk of developing DM in first-degree relatives of affected individuals is 8-15 fold higher.

Trend in the incidence of type 1 diabetes (T1DM) among Qatari and Arab gulf children and adolescents over the past 20 years.

Letter to Editor.

Review Nutritional interventions during adolescence and their possible effects.

Nutrition is one of the most important factors affecting pubertal development. Increasing demands for energy proteins and micronutrients are necessary to cope with the rapid linear pubertal growth and development, change in body composition, and increased physical activity. Adequate nutrition is a key permissive factor for the normal timing and tempo of pubertal development.

Growth, bone maturation and ovarian size in girls with early and fast puberty (EFP) and effects of three years treatment with GnRH analogue (GnRHa).

Introduction: Early puberty (EP) in girls is defined as the onset of thelarche that begins after 6 years and before 8 years and/or acceleration in the tempo of pubertal development. The stage of puberty and the ovarian volume at presentation and the effect of treatment with GnRH analogue (GnRHa) on final adult height are still debated.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed the data of 22 girls, who presented early and fast puberty (FEP).

Clinical and metabolic characteristics of children with hybrid diabetes mellitus (HD) compared to children with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM): A preliminary comparative study.

Background: The term double diabetes or "Hybrid Diabetes (HD)" describes diabetes with combined features of type 1 and type 2 diabetes (T2DM).

Patients And Methods: We report the clinical and biochemical characteristics of 7 children with HD and the course of their disease including the response to treatment. The data were compared to 59 children with a diagnosis of T2DM.

Clinical features, epidemiology, autoantibody status, HLA haplotypes and genetic mechanisms of type 1 diabetes mellitus among children in Qatar.

To describe the clinical features, epidemiology, autoantibody status, HLA haplotypes and genetic mechanisms of type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM). Patients (0-18 years) with diabetes were recruited. Clinical data was collected, autoantibodies and c-peptide were measured.

The Prevalence of the Different Components of the Metabolic Syndrome (MetS) in Obese Nondiabetic Children and Young Adolescents and their Anthropometric Data in Relation to Parents.

Unlabelled: In Qatar, the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MetS) in children and adolescents is increasing in parallel with the increasing trends in obesity rates. In Qatar, the prevalence of obesity is relatively high.

Aim: To assess the prevalence of the different components of MetS and plasma atherogenic indexes (AIP) in obese children and adolescents and to compare their anthropometric data with their parents (genetic background).

Defective Cortisol Secretion in Response to Spontaneous Hypoglycemia but Normal Cortisol Response to ACTH stimulation in neonates with Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycemia (HH).

Introduction: Hyperinsulinemic Hypoglycaemia (HH) is the most common cause of recurrent and persistent hypoglycemia in the neonatal period. Cortisol and GH play an important role as a counterregulatory hormone during hypoglycemia. Both antagonize the peripheral effects of insulin and directly influences glucose metabolism Patients and Methods: We studied cortisol and GH secretion in newborn infants with HH during spontaneous hypoglycemia.

Understanding the complex role of mTORC as an intracellular critical mediator of whole-body metabolism in anorexia nervosa: A mini review.

Anorexia nervosa (AN) is a kind of malnutrition resulting from chronic self-induced starvation. The reported associated endocrine changes (adaptive and non-adaptive) include hypothalamic amenorrhea, a nutritionally acquired growth hormone resistance with low insulin like growth factor-1 (IGF-1) secretion, relative hypercortisolemia, decreased leptin and insulin concentrations, and increased ghrelin, PYY and adiponectin secretion. The combined effect of malnutrition and endocrinopathy may have deleterious effects on multi-organs including bone, gonads, thyroid gland, and brain (neurocognition, anxiety, depression, and other psychopathologies).

Early and Long-term Consequences of Nutritional Stunting: From Childhood to Adulthood.

Linear growth failure (stunting) in childhood is the most prevalent form of undernutrition globally. The debate continues as to whether children who become stunted before age 24 months can catch up in growth and cognitive functions later in their lives. The potentially irreparable physical and neurocognitive damage that accompanies stunted growth is a major obstacle to human development.

The clinical application of metformin in children and adolescents: A short update.

Metformin is a widely used drug that results in clear benefits in relation to glucose metabolism and diabetes-related complications. The global increase in the prevalence of obesity among children and adolescents is accompanied by the appearance and increasing prevalence of insulin resistance, prediabetes, and type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). In addition, children, and adolescents with premature pubarche and polycystic ovary have considerable degree of insulin resistance.

Newly-onset type 1 diabetes mellitus precipitated by COVID-19 in an 8-month-old infant.

Type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) is rare in infants and toddlers and is usually associated with a relatively high mortality when complicated with diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA). In infants, the classical symptoms of DKA are atypical and therefore many infants with DKA are mistreated for infections. We report a case of DKA precipitated by COVID-19 in an 8-month-old infant with newly diagnosed diabetes mellitus.