Chitosan-based hydrogels: A comprehensive review of transdermal drug delivery.

This article provides a comprehensive review of chitosan-based hydrogels for transdermal drug delivery. It covers various aspects including the chemical structure of chitosan and its derivatives, crosslinking agents, hydrogel morphology, and drug loading and release behaviors. The review draws on 16 studies sourced from Scopus, focusing on how the composition and structure of hydrogels influence drug release.

Role of topological indices in predictive modeling and ranking of drugs treating eye disorders.

Topological indices (TIs) of chemical graphs of drugs hold the potential to compute important properties and biological activities leading to more thoughtful drug design. Here, we considered certain drugs treating eye-related disorders, including cataract, glaucoma, diabetic retinopathy, and macular degeneration. By combining modeling and decision-makings approaches, this study presents a cost-effective way to comprehend the behavior of molecules.

A computational approach to drug design for multiple sclerosis via QSPR modeling, chemical graph theory, and multi-criteria decision analysis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex autoimmune disease of the central nervous system with an unknown etiology. While disease-modifying therapies can slow progression, there is a need for more effective treatments. Quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) modeling using topological indices derived from chemical graph theory is a promising approach to rationally design new drugs for MS.

The Development of New Scoring System to Define the Presence of Instability and the Need of Fusion in Degenerative Lumbar Spinal Stenosis - Jakarta Instability Score.

Study Design: Systematic review, expert opinion and Delphi technique, and validity and reliability studies.

Objective: We developed Jakarta Instability Score (JIS) to identify spinal instability and the need of fusion in degenerative lumbar spinal stenosis (LSS).

Methods: This study consisted of systematic review to find predictors of spinal instability, expert opinion and modified Delphi technique to develop JIS, and validity and reliability studies of the newly developed JIS.

A systematic exploration of bacterial form I rubisco maximal carboxylation rates.

Autotrophy is the basis for complex life on Earth. Central to this process is rubisco-the enzyme that catalyzes almost all carbon fixation on the planet. Yet, with only a small fraction of rubisco diversity kinetically characterized so far, the underlying biological factors driving the evolution of fast rubiscos in nature remain unclear.

Unilateral biportal endoscopic surgical decompression for symptomatic ossification of the ligamentum flavum - Is it enough to improve the clinical outcome? A case-control study.

Purpose: Open decompression is currently the standard surgical procedure for symptomatic OLF. As the minimal invasive method gains popularity, UBE is considered a reliable technique with less complication. However, the outcome is still in question.

Analysis on association between sagittal stem alignment and early functional and radiological outcome following primary cementless total hip replacement.

Introduction: Accurate reconstruction of hip anatomy and biomechanics is mandatory for achieving good clinical outcomes following total hip replacement (THR). Optimal stem alignment is essential to avoid impingement or loosening. This study aimed to evaluate sagittal stem position following cementless THR and its relationship with patient's functional outcome and post-operative radiological parameters.

Autotrophic growth of is achieved by a small number of genetic changes.

Synthetic autotrophy is a promising avenue to sustainable bioproduction from CO. Here, we use iterative laboratory evolution to generate several distinct autotrophic strains. Utilising this genetic diversity, we identify that just three mutations are sufficient for to grow autotrophically, when introduced alongside non-native energy (formate dehydrogenase) and carbon-fixing (RuBisCO, phosphoribulokinase, carbonic anhydrase) modules.

Optimal enzyme profiles in unbranched metabolic pathways.

How to optimize the allocation of enzymes in metabolic pathways has been a topic of study for many decades. Although the general problem is complex and nonlinear, we have previously shown that it can be solved by convex optimization. In this paper, we focus on unbranched metabolic pathways with simplified enzymatic rate laws and derive analytic solutions to the optimization problem.

Decoding the multifaceted interventions between human sirtuin 2 and dynamic hepatitis B viral proteins to confirm their roles in HBV replication.

The human sirtuin 2 gene () encodes a full-length Sirt2 protein (i.e., the Sirt2 isoform 1), which primarily functions as a cytoplasmic α-tubulin deacetylase, and which promotes the growth of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC).

Knowledge and Perception of Bidirectional Relationship Between Periodontal Disease and Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus: A Questionnaire Study.

Aim: The bidirectional relationship between type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) and inflammatory periodontal disease (PD) is globally recognized. However, oral health components are often given lower priority, and studies related to knowledge and the bidirectional association are limited. This study assesses the knowledge and perceptions of PD and its associated risk factors among T1DM patients and/or their parents.

Crisis averted: a world united against the menace of multiple drug-resistant superbugs -pioneering anti-AMR vaccines, RNA interference, nanomedicine, CRISPR-based antimicrobials, bacteriophage therapies, and clinical artificial intelligence strategies to safeguard global antimicrobial arsenal.

The efficacy of antibiotics and other antimicrobial agents in combating bacterial infections faces a grave peril in the form of antimicrobial resistance (AMR), an exceedingly pressing global health issue. The emergence and dissemination of drug-resistant bacteria can be attributed to the rampant overuse and misuse of antibiotics, leading to dire consequences such as organ failure and sepsis. Beyond the realm of individual health, the pervasive specter of AMR casts its ominous shadow upon the economy and society at large, resulting in protracted hospital stays, elevated medical expenditures, and diminished productivity, with particularly dire consequences for vulnerable populations.

Type 1 Diabetes Mellitus Patients' Self-perception of Periodontal Diseases.

Objectives:  The study aimed to evaluate type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM) patients' self-perceived periodontal health status and to identify the association between periodontal disease (PD) and DM.

Materials And Methods:  This cross-sectional study included 113 T1DM children between 3 and 18 years old from the Universiti Teknologi MARA and the University of Malaya. Periodontal health parameters, including plaque index, gingival index, probing pocket depth, simplified basic periodontal examination, and clinical attachment loss, were recorded.

The total mass, number, and distribution of immune cells in the human body.

The immune system is a complex network of cells with critical functions in health and disease. However, a comprehensive census of the cells comprising the immune system is lacking. Here, we estimated the abundance of the primary immune cell types throughout all tissues in the human body.

Performances of Polymer-Dispersed Liquid Crystal Films for Smart Glass Applications.

Polymer-dispersed liquid crystal (PDLC) film is an active smart film penetrating the market due to its unique functionalities. These functional characteristics include switchable tint capabilities, which shield building residents from the sun's harmful ultraviolet (UV) rays, improve energy-saving features, and produce higher cost-efficiency. Although PDLC films are promising in several applications, there is still ambiguity on the performance of PDLC films.

Indonesian agroindustry business agility: Enablers and challenges in the poultry industry based on ISM model.

The Indonesian agroindustry is a crucial sector for food security, comprising several platforms such as the poultry industry that play a role in providing animal protein. Despite the advantages portrayed by the poultry sector in the country, stiff competition is still encountered with business transformation situation. The rigid and static structures of the Indonesian poultry industry are also reflected in bureaucracy, fear-based cultures, the inefficiency of functional silos, and aversion to change, leading to the need for appropriate agility incorporation.

The global biomass of wild mammals.

Wild mammals are icons of conservation efforts, yet there is no rigorous estimate available for their overall global biomass. Biomass as a metric allows us to compare species with very different body sizes, and can serve as an indicator of wild mammal presence, trends, and impacts, on a global scale. Here, we compiled estimates of the total abundance (i.

Dynamics of co-substrate pools can constrain and regulate metabolic fluxes.

Cycling of co-substrates, whereby a metabolite is converted among alternate forms via different reactions, is ubiquitous in metabolism. Several cycled co-substrates are well known as energy and electron carriers (e.g.

Methanol Intoxication-Associated Brain Hemorrhages: Can Early Detection Be Life-Saving? A Case Report.

BACKGROUND Methanol can cause many acute complications when ingested, either intentionally or accidentally. One rare complication is cerebral hemorrhage, which can present with focal neurologic deficits, decreased consciousness, and fixed, dilated pupils. With vigilant monitoring of patients in the acute period of toxicity, rapid identification, and initiation of treatment, outcomes can potentially be improved in these patients.

Development of Natural Plant Extracts as Sustainable Inhibitors for Efficient Protection of Mild Steel: Experimental and First-Principles Multi-Level Computational Methods.

In the present work, we present the superior corrosion inhibition properties of three plant-based products, Fraxinus excelsior (FEAE), Zingiber zerumbet (ZZAE), and Isatis tinctoria (ITAE), that efficiently inhibit the corrosion of mild steel in phosphoric acid. The anti-corrosion and adsorption characteristics were assessed using a combination of experimental and computational approaches. Weight loss, potentiodynamic polarization, and electrochemical impedance spectroscopy methods were used to evaluate the inhibitive performance of the inhibitors on the metal surface.

An Edge-Supported Blockchain-Based Secure Authentication Method and a Cryptocurrency-Based Billing System for P2P Charging of Electric Vehicles.

The popularity of electric vehicles (EVs) is constantly increasing, as they use relatively greener, sustainable energy. However, it is a fact that the charging stations for EVs are yet to meet the demand. It could be a great solution if a peer-to-peer (P2P) charging system could be initiated by anyone who wants to make their garage's charge points publicly available for commercial purposes, named a home charging station (HCS).

Bilateral Lingual Nerve Injury Following Endotracheal Intubation: Risk Factors and Diagnostic Considerations.

BACKGROUND Endotracheal intubation is an essential procedure to protect the airway. However, immediate complications like voice hoarseness, cervical spine injury, and tooth trauma are common. One of the rarest complications is lingual nerve palsy.

Enhancement of Magneto-Induced Modulus by the Combination of Filler and Plasticizer Additives-Based Magnetorheological Elastomer.

Filler additive is used to provide superior bonding in rubber matrix to enhance the storage modulus of magnetorheological elastomer (MRE). However, the magneto-induced modulus is reduced as the initial storage modulus increases. Therefore, this paper aims to increase the magneto-induced modulus and maintain the initial storage modulus by combining filler and plasticizer additives.