Prevented Cellular Adaptation in Morphineinduced Neuroblastoma Cells.

Background: Chronic morphine stimulates prolonged stimulation of opioid receptors, especially μ-opioid subtype (MOR), which in turn signals cellular adaptation. However, the sudden termination of the use of morphine after chronic intake causes the withdrawal syndrome.

Objectives: Hence, this study was designed to find an alternative treatment for morphine withdrawal using the alkaloid leaf extract of Erythroxylum cuneatum (E.

Delta-9-Tetrahydrocannabinol (∆-THC) Induce Neurogenesis and Improve Cognitive Performances of Male Sprague Dawley Rats.

Neurogenesis is influenced by various external factors such as enriched environments. Some researchers had postulated that neurogenesis has contributed to the hippocampal learning and memory. This project was designed to observe the effect of Delta-9-tetrahydrocannabinol (∆-THC) in cognitive performance that influenced by the neurogenesis.

Morphine Antidependence of (Miq.) Kurz in Neurotransmission Processes .

Opiate abuse has been studied to cause adaptive changes observed in the presynaptic release and the mediated-synaptic plasticity proteins. The involvement of neuronal SNARE proteins reveals the role of the neurotransmitter release in expressing the opioid actions. The present study was designed to determine the effect of the alkaloid extract of () against chronic morphine and the influences of on neurotransmission processes observed .

Establishing Natural Nootropics: Recent Molecular Enhancement Influenced by Natural Nootropic.

Nootropics or smart drugs are well-known compounds or supplements that enhance the cognitive performance. They work by increasing the mental function such as memory, creativity, motivation, and attention. Recent researches were focused on establishing a new potential nootropic derived from synthetic and natural products.