Red blood cells as an efficient in vitro model for evaluating the efficacy of metallic nanoparticles.

Blood and the linings of blood vessels may be regarded as a fifth tissue type. The human body contains 5 × 10 red blood cells (RBCs) per ml, a total of 2.5 × 10 cells in the 5 l of blood present in the body.

Oxidative, inflammatory, genetic, and epigenetic biomarkers associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder.

A large body of evidence indicates that chronic obstructive pulmonary disorder (COPD) is accompanied by oxidative stress and inflammatory and genetic pathways. Epidemiological studies indicate that COPD is a major cause of mortality and morbidity in the world. Recent research development in COPD focuses on accelerated aging and various oxidative stress biomarkers.