Decreased nitric oxide production is a novel therapeutic target for salt-induced nocturnal polyuria in aging.

Nocturnal polyuria is a major cause of nocturia, which affects quality of life. Aging-related decreases in nitric oxide production have been reported to contribute to salt-induced nocturnal polyuria. We posited that enhanced nitric oxide production from exercise could mitigate salt-induced nocturnal polyuria.

A novel Sai-based antioxidant agent attenuates antibody-mediated rejection in allogeneic rat kidney transplantation.

Antibody-mediated rejection (ABMR) remains a leading cause of graft loss during kidney transplantation. Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) has been reported to promote T-cell proliferation, leading to B-cell activation and subsequent production of donor-specific antibodies (DSA), which target antigens on the vascular endothelium. We hypothesize that a novel therapeutic strategy targeting highly toxic reactive oxygen species could mitigate oxidative stress and immune responses associated with IRI.

Avelumab + axitinib treatment in older patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma in Japan: Subgroup analyses of post-marketing surveillance data by age.

Introduction: Avelumab + axitinib was approved in Japan in December 2019 for the treatment of curatively unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) based on results from the JAVELIN Renal 101 trial.

Materials And Methods: To evaluate the safety and effectiveness of avelumab + axitinib in older patients in general clinical practice in Japan, an ad hoc analysis of data from post-marketing surveillance (PMS) by age group was conducted.

Results: The analysis population included 328 patients who had received ≥1 dose of avelumab and were enrolled between December 2019 and May 2021.

Final Analysis of Post-Marketing Surveillance for Avelumab + Axitinib in Patients With Renal Cell Carcinoma in Japan.

Introduction: Avelumab, an anti-programmed death ligand 1 antibody, was approved in combination with axitinib for curatively unresectable or metastatic renal cell carcinoma (RCC) in Japan in December 2019. Because the pivotal JAVELIN Renal 101 study included a limited number of Japanese patients, post-marketing surveillance (PMS) was required to evaluate outcomes (safety and effectiveness) in patients with RCC who received avelumab + axitinib treatment in clinical practice in Japan.

Materials And Methods: We report data from prospective, noncomparative, multicenter, observational PMS in patients with RCC who received ≥ 1 dose of avelumab.

Intratesticular creatine maintains spermatogenesis by defining tight junctions.

One in five couples who wish to conceive is infertile, and half of these couples have male infertility. However, the causes of male infertility are still largely unknown. Creatine is stored in the body as an energy buffer, and the testes are its second-largest reservoir after muscles.

Post-marketing surveillance data for avelumab + axitinib treatment in patients with advanced renal cell carcinoma in Japan: Subgroup analyses by pathological classification.

Objective: Clinical trials have demonstrated the efficacy and safety of avelumab + axitinib in patients with advanced clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC). However, information is limited regarding the activity of avelumab + axitinib in patients with non-clear cell RCC (nccRCC). In Japan, post-marketing surveillance (PMS) of patients with RCC receiving avelumab + axitinib treatment in general clinical practice was undertaken.

A novel mouse model of upper tract urothelial carcinoma highlights the impact of dietary intervention on gut microbiota and carcinogenesis prevention despite carcinogen exposure.

Animal models of N-butyl-N-(4-hydroxy butyl) nitrosamine (BBN)-induced urothelial carcinoma (UC), particularly bladder cancer (BC), have long been established. However, the rare incidence of BBN-induced upper urinary tract UC (UTUC), which originates from the same urothelium as BC, remains elusive. The scarcity of animal models of UTUC has made it challenging to study the biology of UTUC.

The Development of a Predictive Model for Postoperative Renal Function in Living Kidney-Transplant Donors.

: The accurate prediction of postoperative renal function (post-RF) in living kidney donors is essential for optimizing donor safety and long-term health. After nephrectomy, renal function can be significantly altered, owing to the functional adaptation of the remaining kidney; however, the extent of this has not been investigated. This study aimed to examine how various donor factors affect functional adaptation after nephrectomy, and to develop a new predictive model.

Comparative analysis of gut microbiota in hormone-sensitive and castration-resistant prostate cancer in Japanese men.

Gut microbiota plays a crucial role in the development and progression of prostate cancer, with previous studies indicating that certain bacterial taxa are more abundant in castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) compared to hormone-sensitive prostate cancer (HSPC). Notably, the composition of gut microbiota can vary significantly by geographic region, and Japanese individuals have a distinct microbial profile. However, research exploring these differences within Japanese populations remains limited.

GDF15 propeptide promotes bone metastasis of castration-resistant prostate cancer by augmenting the bone microenvironment.

Background: Bone metastasis (BM) is a common and fatal condition in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC). However, there are no useful blood biomarkers for CRPC with BM, and the mechanism underlying BM is unclear. In this study, we investigated precise blood biomarkers for evaluating BM that can improve the prognosis of patients with CRPC.

Bacterial information in serum extracellular vesicles reflects the inflammation of adherent perinephric fat.

Adipose tissue and bacterial flora are involved in metabolism in the human body. However, the relationship between the two remains unclear. Recently, the presence of circulating bacterial DNAs has been reported.

Complement and complement regulatory protein in allogeneic and xenogeneic kidney transplantation.

Kidney transplantation is the most optimal treatment for patients with end-stage renal disease, offering significant improvements in patient outcomes over dialysis. However, the potential for immune rejection, where the recipient's immune system attacks the transplanted kidney, can compromise transplant success. The complement system, a key component of the immune response, plays a crucial role in both acute and chronic rejection, including T-cell- and antibody-mediated rejection.

Genomic profiling and clinical utility of circulating tumor DNA in metastatic prostate cancer: SCRUM-Japan MONSTAR SCREEN project.

Background: Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) testing has emerged as a novel tool for cancer precision medicine. This study investigated the genomic profiling and clinical utility of ctDNA in metastatic prostate cancer.

Methods: This is a nation-wide prospective observational study.

PSA Kinetics Affect Prognosis in Patients With Castration-resistant Prostate Cancer Treated With Enzalutamide.

Background/aim: There is little evidence regarding the predictive value of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) kinetics in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with an androgen receptor signaling inhibitor. This study investigated the correlation between PSA kinetics and prognosis in patients with castration-resistant prostate cancer treated with enzalutamide.

Patients And Methods: We analyzed data from 103 patients who received enzalutamide as primary treatment for castration-resistant prostate cancer at our hospital, focusing on the associations between overall survival and PSA kinetics variables, such as maximal PSA response, PSA nadir, and time to PSA nadir.

Cranial neuropathy following coronavirus disease 2019 vaccination in kidney transplant recipients.

Introduction: Understanding of adverse reactions to coronavirus disease 2019 vaccines remains limited.

Case Presentation: Case 1: A 52-year-old woman, post-kidney transplantation, experienced sudden vision loss in her left eye after receiving a second dose of coronavirus disease 2019 vaccine. She was diagnosed with ischemic optic neuropathy.

Comorbidities in Japanese testicular cancer survivors: A multi-institutional, cross-sectional study.

Objective: To evaluate comorbidities in Japanese testicular cancer (TC) survivors in a multi-institutional, cross-sectional study.

Methods: This study enrolled TC survivors who visited any of the eight high-volume institutions in Japan from 2018 to 2019. After obtaining informed consent, participants answered questionnaires about their comorbidities.

Prediction of undetectable circulating tumor DNA by comprehensive genomic profiling assay in metastatic prostate cancer: the SCRUM-Japan MONSTAR SCREEN project.

Background: Undetectable circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) is an obstacle to performing comprehensive genomic profiling in daily practice to identify genomic alterations. We investigated the associations between clinicopathological factors and undetectable ctDNA using a commercially available comprehensive genomic profiling assay in metastatic prostate cancer.

Patients And Methods: Patients treated with systemic treatment for metastatic prostate cancer were included.

Novel ERBB2 Variant Potentially Associated with Resistance against Anti-HER2 Monoclonal Antibody-Based Therapy in ERBB2-Amplified Metastatic Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: HER2-targeted therapies in ERBB2-amplified metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are effective; however, a notable portion of patients do not respond to treatment, and secondary resistance occurs in most patients receiving these treatments. The purpose of this study was to investigate determinants of treatment efficacy and resistance in patients with ERBB2-amplified mCRC who received HER2-targeted therapy by analyzing multiomics data.

Experimental Design: We investigated genomic data from a nationwide large cancer genomic screening project, the SCRUM-Japan project.