Force direction using miniscrews in sliding mechanics differentially affected maxillary central incisor retraction: Finite element simulation and typodont model.

Background/purpose: En masse retraction was still controversy in orthodontics. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of force directions created by different miniscrew positions and lever arm heights on maxillary central incisor movement using Finite Element (FE) simulation and a Typodont model.

Materials And Methods: A typodont model and 3-dimensional FE were used to simulate en masse anterior teeth retraction in sliding mechanics.