Cold-induced thermogenesis requires neutral-lipase-mediated intracellular lipolysis in brown adipocytes.

Long-chain fatty acids (FAs) are the major substrates fueling brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis. Investigation of mouse models has previously called into question the contribution of brown adipocyte intracellular lipolysis to cold-induced non-shivering thermogenesis. Here, we determined the role of the lipolytic enzymes, adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL) and hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL), in BAT thermogenesis.

Multicenter study of factors associated with nonsurvival in hospitalized periparturient goats.

Background: Periparturient reproductive complications appear to be common in hospitalized goats. More information is needed about periparturient reproductive complications and survival in goats with these conditions.

Objective: Identify exposure factors associated with nonsurvival in periparturient does hospitalized ≤1 day or ≥2 days.

Postanesthetic rhabdomyolysis in 7 warmblood horses.

Objective: To describe the clinical findings, outcomes, and muscle histopathology in warmblood horses that developed severe rhabdomyolysis in the perianesthetic period despite remaining stable while under general anesthesia.

Animals: 7 warmblood horses, 6 geldings and 1 mare, with a median age of 9 years (range, 4 to 18 years) and median weight of 615 kg (range, 550 to 703 kg). Records from the Valberg Neuromuscular Diagnostic Laboratory and Michigan State University were reviewed (2016 to 2023) to identify warmbloods with postanesthetic myopathy (PAM).

Plasma endocannabinoids are independently associated with the metabolic function of white adipose tissue.

Context: Little is known about the link between the endocannabinoid system and the in vivo metabolic function of white adipose tissue (WAT).

Objective: We aimed to evaluate whether endocannabinoids (EC) are linked to postprandial fatty acid metabolism and WAT metabolic function.

Design: Men and women, with (IGT, n=20) or without impaired glucose tolerance (NGT, n=20) underwent meal testing with oral and intravenous stable isotope palmitate tracers and positron emission tomography with intravenous [11C]-palmitate and oral [18F]-fluoro-thia-heptadecanoic acid to determine systemic and organ-specific dietary fatty acid (DFA) and non-esterified fatty acid (NEFA) metabolism and partitioning.

Pharmacokinetics of intraarticular liposomal amphotericin B in goats (Capra aegagrus hircus).

Lameness is a significant welfare concern in goats. Amphotericin B is used via intraarticular (IA) administration in models to study experimentally induced lameness in large animals. The main objective of this study was to estimate plasma pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters for amphotericin B in goats after a single IA administration.

Cost of chiropractic versus medical management of adults with spine-related musculoskeletal pain: a systematic review.

Background: The cost of spine-related pain in the United States is estimated at $134.5 billion. Spinal pain patients have multiple options when choosing healthcare providers, resulting in variable costs.

Adipocyte hypertrophy associates with postprandial fatty acid metabolism and adipose single-cell transcriptional dynamics.

Adipocyte hypertrophy is associated with metabolic complications independent of obesity. We aimed to determine: 1) the association between adipocyte size and postprandial fatty acid metabolism; 2) the potential mechanisms driving the obesity-independent, hypertrophy-associated dysmetabolism and at a single-cell resolution. Tracers with positron emission tomography were used to measure fatty acid metabolism in 40 men and women with normal or impaired glucose tolerance (NCT02808182), and single nuclei RNA-sequencing (snRNA-seq) to determine transcriptional dynamics of subcutaneous adipose tissue (AT) between individuals with AT hypertrophy vs.

Reduction in Insulin Uncovers a Novel Effect of VEGFB on Cardiac Substrate Utilization.

Background: The heart relies heavily on external fatty acid (FA) for energy production. VEGFB (vascular endothelial growth factor B) has been shown to promote endothelial FA uptake by upregulating FA transporters. However, its impact on LPL (lipoprotein lipase)-mediated lipolysis of lipoproteins, a major source of FA for cardiac use, is unknown.

Association of retinal vessel pathology and brain atrophy in relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis.

Background: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) allows non-invasive assessment of retinal vessel structures. Thinning and loss of retinal vessels is evident in eyes of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) and might be associated with a proinflammatory disease phenotype and worse prognosis. We investigated whether changes of the retinal vasculature are linked to brain atrophy and disability in MS.

The OSCAR-MP Consensus Criteria for Quality Assessment of Retinal Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography.

Background And Objectives: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) is a noninvasive high-resolution imaging technique for assessing the retinal vasculature and is increasingly used in various ophthalmologic, neuro-ophthalmologic, and neurologic diseases. To date, there are no validated consensus criteria for quality control (QC) of OCTA. Our study aimed to develop criteria for OCTA quality assessment.

Multicenter study of uterine tears and other reproductive complications in periparturient goats presented to veterinary teaching hospitals.

Background: Goats are increasingly popular as both production animals and pets. The frequency of and factors associated with periparturient reproductive complications in goats are largely unreported.

Objectives: (1) To report the frequency of periparturient reproductive complications in does presented to university veterinary hospitals and (2) to identify factors associated with uterine tears in the study population.

Association of the retinal vasculature, intrathecal immunity, and disability in multiple sclerosis.

Background: Optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel technique allowing non-invasive assessment of the retinal vasculature. During relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis (RRMS), retinal vessel loss occurs in eyes suffering from acute optic neuritis and recent data suggest that retinal vessel loss might also be evident in non-affected eyes. We investigated whether alterations of the retinal vasculature are linked to the intrathecal immunity and whether they allow prognostication of the future disease course.

Effect of Bioactive and Antimicrobial Nanoparticles on Properties and Applicability of Dental Adhesives.

The aim of the study was to examine the applicability of bioactive and antibacterial nanoparticles to an experimental adhesive. The adhesive (60 wt% BisGMA, 15 wt% TEGDMA, 25 wt% HEMA) was mixed with combinations of 5 wt% methacryl-functionalized polyhedral oligomeric silsesquioxane (MA-POSS) and one kind of bioactive/antibacterial nanoparticles: 1 wt% core-shell silica-silver nanoparticle (SiO@Ag), 1 wt% bioactive glass with bismuth (BAG-Bi) or 1 wt% calcium phosphate (CAP). Pure adhesive served as control.

Total Postprandial Hepatic Nonesterified and Dietary Fatty Acid Uptake Is Increased and Insufficiently Curbed by Adipose Tissue Fatty Acid Trapping in Prediabetes With Overweight.

Excessive lean tissue uptake of fatty acids (FAs) is important in the development of insulin resistance and may be caused by impaired dietary FA (DFA) storage and/or increased nonesterified FA (NEFA) flux from adipose tissue intracellular lipolysis. Cardiac and hepatic total postprandial FA uptake of NEFA+DFA has, however, never been reported in prediabetes with overweight. In this study, 20 individuals with impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and 19 participants with normal glucose tolerance (NGT) and normal fasting glucose underwent postprandial studies with whole-body positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with oral [18F]fluoro-thia-heptadecanoic acid and dynamic PET/CT with intravenous [11C]palmitate.

Catechins as a Potential Dietary Supplementation in Prevention of Comorbidities Linked with Down Syndrome.

Plant-derived polyphenols flavonoids are increasingly being recognized for their medicinal potential. These bioactive compounds derived from plants are gaining more interest in ameliorating adverse health risks because of their low toxicity and few side effects. Among them, therapeutic approaches demonstrated the efficacy of catechins, a major group of flavonoids, in reverting several aspects of Down syndrome, the most common genomic disorder that causes intellectual disability.

Dynamics of Retinal Vessel Loss After Acute Optic Neuritis in Patients With Relapsing Multiple Sclerosis.

Background And Objectives: Rarefication of the retinal vasculature as measured by optical coherence tomography angiography (OCT-A) is a novel finding in patients with multiple sclerosis (MS). This study aimed to analyze longitudinal dynamics of the retinal vasculature following an acute inflammatory relapse including acute optic neuritis (ON) and to search for associations with alterations of the retinal architecture and visual function.

Methods: This prospective longitudinal cohort study included patients with relapsing-remitting MS or clinically isolated syndrome having an acute ON (n = 20) or a non-ON relapse (n = 33).

DeepImageTranslator: A free, user-friendly graphical interface for image translation using deep-learning and its applications in 3D CT image analysis.

The advent of deep-learning has set new standards in an array of image translation applications. At present, the use of these methods often requires computer programming experience. Non-commercial programs with graphical interface usually do not allow users to fully customize their deep-learning pipeline.

The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4A acts in the intestine to promote white adipose tissue energy storage.

The transcription factor hepatocyte nuclear factor 4 A (HNF4A) controls the metabolic features of several endodermal epithelia. Both HNF4A and HNF4G are redundant in the intestine and it remains unclear whether HNF4A alone controls intestinal lipid metabolism. Here we show that intestinal HNF4A is not required for intestinal lipid metabolism per se, but unexpectedly influences whole-body energy expenditure in diet-induced obesity (DIO).

Bone infection: a clinical priority for clinicians, scientists and educators.

Bone infection has received increasing attention in recent years as one of the main outstanding clinical problems in orthopaedic-trauma surgery that has not been successfully addressed. In fact, infection may develop across a spectrum of patient types regardless of the level of perioperative management, including antibiotic prophylaxis. Some of the main unknown factors that may be involved, and the main targets for future intervention, include more accurate and less invasive diagnostic options, more thorough and accurate debridement protocols, and more potent and targeted antimicrobials.

Elabela Protects Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats From Hypertension and Cardiorenal Dysfunctions Exacerbated by Dietary High-Salt Intake.

Arterial hypertension, when exacerbated by excessive dietary salt intake, worsens the morbidity and mortality rates associated with cardiovascular and renal diseases. Stimulation of the apelinergic system appears to protect against several circulatory system diseases, but it remains unknown if such beneficial effects are conserved in severe hypertension. Therefore, we aimed at determining whether continuous infusion of apelinergic ligands (i.

Retinoic acid signaling is critical during the totipotency window in early mammalian development.

Totipotent cells hold enormous potential for regenerative medicine. Thus, the development of cellular models recapitulating totipotent-like features is of paramount importance. Cells resembling the totipotent cells of early embryos arise spontaneously in mouse embryonic stem (ES) cell cultures.

IGFBP-2 partly mediates the early metabolic improvements caused by bariatric surgery.

Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein (IGFBP)-2 is a circulating biomarker of cardiometabolic health. Here, we report that circulating IGFBP-2 concentrations robustly increase after different bariatric procedures in humans, reaching higher levels after biliopancreatic diversion with duodenal switch (BPD-DS) than after Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RYGB) and sleeve gastrectomy (SG). This increase is closely associated with insulin sensitization.