Pathology in Practice.

In collaboration with the American College of Veterinary Pathologists.

Ultrasonographic features and prevalence of presumed gastric wall edema in dogs with hypoalbuminemia.

Background: Ultrasonographic features of gastric wall edema have not been reported in dogs with hypoalbuminemia.

Objectives: To describe the prevalence and ultrasonographic features of gastric wall thickening in dogs with hypoalbuminemia and analyze correlation with serum albumin concentrations.

Animals: Forty-two dogs with abdominal ultrasound and diagnosis of hypoalbuminemia (<2.

Ultrasonographic features of presumed gastric wall edema in 14 dogs with pancreatitis.

Background: Gastric wall edema has not been reported as a complication of acute pancreatitis in dogs.

Objective: To describe the ultrasonographic features of gastric wall thickening in dogs with acute pancreatitis.

Animals: Fourteen dogs with ultrasonographic evidence and clinical diagnosis of acute pancreatitis, with ultrasonographic evidence of increased gastric wall thickness (>5 mm).

Association of fecal calprotectin concentrations with disease severity, response to treatment, and other biomarkers in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathies.

Background: Calprotectin is a marker of inflammation, but its clinical utility in dogs with chronic inflammatory enteropathies (CIE) is unknown.

Objective: Evaluation of fecal calprotectin in dogs with biopsy-confirmed CIE.

Animals: 127 dogs.

Effect of gastric acid-suppressive therapy and biological variation of serum gastrin concentrations in dogs with chronic enteropathies.

Background: Serum gastrin concentration can help diagnose gastrinomas in dogs if >3-10× the upper reference limit (URL), but antisecretory therapy and other conditions can also cause hypergastrinemia. Effects of antisecretory therapy (famotidine or ranitidine, omeprazole) on serum gastrin concentration in dogs with chronic enteropathy (CE) and its biological variation (BV) are unknown. Aim of the study was to evaluate serum gastrin in acid-suppressant-treated or -naïve CE dogs; test the association between serum gastrin and histopathologic findings in acid-suppressant-naïve CE dogs; and evaluate the BV of serum gastrin in dogs not receiving any gastric acid suppressive therapy.

Retrospective evaluation of the impact of early enteral nutrition on clinical outcomes in dogs with pancreatitis: 34 cases (2010-2013).

Objective: To evaluate the effect of early enteral nutritional therapy on time to return to voluntary intake, maximum food consumption, incidence of gastrointestinal intolerance (GI), and total hospitalization time for dogs with acute pancreatitis.

Design And Setting: Retrospective analysis of dogs with pancreatitis at a veterinary teaching hospital between 2010 and 2013.

Animals: Thirty-four client-owned dogs diagnosed with acute or acute-on-chronic pancreatitis.

Serum and fecal canine α1-proteinase inhibitor concentrations reflect the severity of intestinal crypt abscesses and/or lacteal dilation in dogs.

Gastrointestinal (GI) protein loss, due to lymphangiectasia or chronic inflammation, can be challenging to diagnose. This study evaluated the diagnostic accuracy of serum and fecal canine α1-proteinase inhibitor (cα1PI) concentrations to detect crypt abscesses and/or lacteal dilation in dogs. Serum and fecal cα1PI concentrations were measured in 120 dogs undergoing GI tissue biopsies, and were compared between dogs with and without crypt abscesses/lacteal dilation.

Fecal and urinary N-methylhistamine concentrations in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease.

Due to their ability to release inflammatory mediators, such as histamine, mast cells are potentially important in gastrointestinal disease. The purpose of this study was to measure N-methylhistamine (NMH), a histamine metabolite, in fecal and urine samples from dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease. Fecal and urinary NMH concentrations were compared between dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease and control dogs, and/or to control ranges.

In vitro effects of lipid emulsion on platelet function and thromboelastography in canine blood samples.

Objective: To determine whether soybean oil emulsion has an in vitro effect on platelet aggregation and thromboelastography in blood samples obtained from healthy dogs.

Animals: 12 healthy adult dogs.

Procedures: Blood samples were collected from each dog into tubes containing EDTA, hirudin, or sodium citrate for a CBC, collagen- and ADP-induced impedance aggregometry, or thromboelastography, respectively.

Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid concentrations in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of hypocobalaminemia or methylmalonic acidemia (or both) in dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease.

Sample: Serum samples from 56 dogs with chronic gastrointestinal disease and 43 control dogs.

Procedures: Serum cobalamin and methylmalonic acid (MMA) concentrations were measured in all samples and compared between groups.

Imaging diagnosis--spontaneous intramural canine duodenal hematoma.

A 9-year-old neutered female Pug with a 2-week history of pancreatitis was presented for dyspnea, icterus, and intractable vomiting. Sonographically, the gallbladder, intrahepatic bile ducts, and common bile duct were distended. The pancreas was hypoechoic with hyperechoic peripancreatic fat.

Feline exocrine pancreatic insufficiency: 16 cases (1992-2007).

Medical records of 16 cats diagnosed with exocrine pancreatic insufficiency (EPI) were reviewed. The diagnosis was confirmed with either a serum feline trypsin-like immunoreactivity (fTLI) concentration View Article and Find Full Text PDF

Cranial vena caval syndrome secondary to transvenous pacemaker implantation in two dogs.

Superior vena caval syndrome is a rare, but reported complication of transvenous pacemaker implantation in humans. This syndrome can occur secondary to fibrotic and/or thrombotic obstruction of venous blood flow into the right atrium. The therapeutic approach depends on the suspicion of the presence of an active thrombus and may include antithrombotics, angioplasty and/or surgical venoplasty.

Pancreatic abscess in 36 dogs: a retrospective analysis of prognostic indicators.

Thirty-six dogs were diagnosed with pancreatic abscess by the presence of purulent exudate within the parenchyma of the pancreas during exploratory laparotomy. Data regarding history, physical examination findings, clinicopathological data, diagnostic imaging findings, bacteriological culture results, abdominal drainage technique, and perioperative treatment were evaluated for factors predictive of survival. Elevated blood urea nitrogen, serum alkaline phosphatase activity, and rising bicarbonate ion concentration were each found to have statistically significant (P<0.

Evaluation of clinicopathologic features, response to treatment, and risk factors associated with idiopathic neutropenia in dogs: 11 cases (1990-2002).

Objective: To evaluate the clinicopathologic features, response to treatment, and risk factors associated with idiopathic neutropenia in dogs.

Design: Retrospective case series.

Animals: 11 dogs.

Subcutaneous emphysema, pneumomediastinum, and pulmonary emphysema in a young schipperke.

A 4-month-old, intact female schipperke was presented for evaluation and treatment of subcutaneous (SC) emphysema. Radiographs revealed pneumomediastinum and SC emphysema. Sequential radiographs confirmed a worsening of the SC emphysema.