The pro-apoptotic function of the BCL-2 homolog CED-9 requires interaction with the APAF-1 homolog CED-4.

In , apoptosis is inhibited by the BCL-2 homolog CED-9. Although canonically anti-apoptotic, CED-9 has a poorly understood pro-apoptotic function. CED-9 is thought to inhibit apoptosis by binding to and inhibiting the pro-apoptotic APAF-1 homolog CED-4.

Replication stress promotes cell elimination by extrusion.

Cell extrusion is a mechanism of cell elimination that is used by organisms as diverse as sponges, nematodes, insects and mammals. During extrusion, a cell detaches from a layer of surrounding cells while maintaining the continuity of that layer. Vertebrate epithelial tissues primarily eliminate cells by extrusion, and the dysregulation of cell extrusion has been linked to epithelial diseases, including cancer.