Comparison of tissue factor-activated versus citrated native thromboelastography in dogs with suspected hemostatic abnormalities.

Viscoelastic testing methods, including thromboelastography (TEG) and rotational thromboelastometry, have an advantage over traditional tests of coagulation due to their ability to reflect in vivo hemostasis and predict need for transfusion of blood products more accurately. TEG in clinical settings is most often performed on citrated whole blood samples that are recalcified at the time of analysis, with or without the addition of an activator of coagulation. To date, superiority of the use of an activator in canine patients with abnormal hemostasis has not been demonstrated.

Resolution of Canine Acute Bilirubin Encephalopathy and Immune-Mediated Hemolytic Anemia Following Four Plasmapheresis Treatments.

An 8 mo old spayed female mixed-breed dog was presented for pale mucous membranes. The dog was diagnosed with intravascular immune-mediated hemolytic anemia (IMHA) and was started on medical management including corticosteroids, thromboprophylaxis, a packed red blood cell transfusion, and IV immunoglobulin. The dog developed severe hyperbilirubinemia (total bilirubin 48.

Cerebral Autoregulation: A Target for Improving Neurological Outcomes in Extracorporeal Life Support.

Despite improvements in survival after illnesses requiring extracorporeal life support, cerebral injury continues to hinder successful outcomes. Cerebral autoregulation (CA) is an innate protective mechanism that maintains constant cerebral blood flow in the face of varying systemic blood pressure. However, it is impaired in certain disease states and, potentially, following initiation of extracorporeal circulatory support.

Establishment of a reference interval for thiamine concentrations in healthy dogs and evaluation of the prevalence of absolute thiamine deficiency in critically ill dogs with and without sepsis using high-performance liquid chromatography.

Objective: To determine the normal reference interval (RI) for thiamine concentrations in healthy dogs and investigate the prevalence of thiamine deficiency in critically ill dogs with and without sepsis.

Design: Prospective, observational, multicenter study, conducted between 2019 and 2021.

Setting: Two veterinary university teaching hospitals.

Increased incidence and shift in the location of gunshot wound injuries in dogs and cats during the COVID-19 pandemic.

Objective: To investigate the incidence and patterns of gunshot wound trauma in patients that were presented to an urban level 1 veterinary trauma center before and after the start of the coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.

Animals: 24 dogs and 1 cat.

Methods: Medical records were retrospectively reviewed for patients presenting with gunshot wound injuries between March 2018 and February 2020 (prepandemic) and March 2020 and February 2022 (pandemic).

Emesis induction is successful for recovery of gastric foreign objects in cats.

Objective: To prospectively assess the efficacy of emesis induction for the recovery of gastric foreign objects in cats and to determine if any factors influenced recovery.

Animals: 22 client-owned cats.

Procedures: Cats for which emesis induction was deemed appropriate were administered an emetic agent by the attending clinician between October 2018 and April 2021.

Canine hypoadrenocorticism: Insights into the Addisonian crisis.

Objective: Primary objectives of this study were to determine presenting complaints, physical examination, clinicopathologic findings, and hospitalization time of dogs with spontaneous hypoadrenocorticism presenting with critical disease; and to compare those end points to dogs with a more stable presentation. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the shock index and to identify precipitating stressors.

Animals: Eighty-four dogs at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine between 1998 and 2018 were included.

Comparison of a viscoelastic point-of-care coagulation monitor with thromboelastography in sick dogs with hemostatic abnormalities.

Background: Viscoelastic coagulation monitor (VCM-Vet) is a point-of-care device that has been used to characterize hemostatic abnormalities in sick pets but has not been validated in veterinary patients.

Objectives: We aimed to compare VCM-Vet and thromboelastography (TEG) in sick dogs with suspected disorders of hemostasis.

Methods: Duplicate VCM-Vet tests using untreated native blood performed concurrently on two VCM-Vet machines, and simultaneous TEG tests were performed (one citrated native (CN), and one activated with tissue factor (TF) at a 1:3600 dilution).

Outcomes of 434 dogs with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicosis treated with fluid therapy, lipid emulsion, or therapeutic plasma exchange.

Background: Traditional management of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) intoxication includes gastrointestinal decontamination, intravenous administration of fluids (IVF), and gastroprotection. Intravenous administration of lipid emulsion (ILE) and therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) are popular novel therapeutic strategies.

Hypothesis: Compare outcomes of dogs treated with IVF, ILE, and TPE for NSAID intoxications and evaluate outcome predictors for drug subgroups.

Outcomes of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug toxicosis treated with therapeutic plasma exchange in 62 dogs.

Background: Therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE) is gaining popularity for the management of nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) overdose in dogs.

Hypothesis/objectives: Describe a population of dogs treated with TPE for NSAID overdose.

Animals: Sixty-two dogs with NSAID overdose treated with TPE.

Assessment of changes in intra-abdominal pressure and abdominal perfusion pressure in late-term pregnant queens undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy.

Objective: Compare changes in intra-abdominal pressure (IAP), abdominal perfusion pressure (APP), hemodynamics, and clinicopathological variables in nonpregnant and late-term pregnant queens undergoing elective ovariohysterectomy (OHE) and evaluate the effect of patient positioning on IAP and APP measurements.

Animals: 18 late-term pregnant queens and 25 nonpregnant controls.

Procedures: Temperature, heart rate (HR), Doppler blood pressure (DBP), IAP (dorsal and right lateral), PCV, total protein (TP), and lactate were recorded preoperatively, at abdominal wall closure (dorsal IAP only), and postoperatively under general anesthesia.

The effect of analytical temperature on thromboelastography tracings in dogs.

Viscoelastic testing methods such as thromboelastography (TEG) are becoming increasingly available to veterinarians in a clinical setting. TEG is useful in determining therapeutic transfusion needs and assessing global abnormalities of hemostasis of patients, given that it provides a more comprehensive assessment of coagulation than traditional tests. TEG is standardly performed at 37°C, which is considered a normal body temperature for human patients; however, 37°C is lower than normal body temperature for most canine patients.

Indications and outcomes for puppies undergoing mechanical ventilation: 59 cases (2006 to 2020).

The medical records of 59 puppies from 6 hospitals undergoing mechanical ventilation (MV) between 2006 and 2020 were reviewed to describe the signalment, underlying disease, duration of ventilation, and outcome. The most common underlying diseases were pneumonia ( = 18), non-cardiogenic pulmonary edema ( = 16), and trauma ( = 8). Twenty-six (44%) puppies were weaned from the ventilator.

Standardized capillary refill time and relation to clinical parameters in hospitalized dogs.

Objective: To assess the relationship between various physical and clinicopathologic parameters and the capillary refill time (CRT) using a standard method; to evaluate the influence of emergency room (ER) versus ICU hospital location on CRT; and to identify latent subgroups among the CRT distribution.

Design: Prospective, observational study.

Setting: University teaching hospital.

Effectiveness of intravenous fluid resuscitation in hypotensive cats: 82 cases (2012-2019).

Objective: To evaluate the effectiveness of intravenous fluid resuscitation in hypotensive cats in an emergency room setting. Secondary objectives were to investigate changes in heart rate (HR) and body temperature (BT) in response to fluid resuscitation, and the association of these changes with patient survival.

Design: Retrospective study.

Prognostic indicators at presentation for canine parvoviral enteritis: 322 cases (2001-2018).

Objective: To evaluate clinicopathological prognostic indicators associated with survival based on hematology and serum biochemistry profile findings at presentation of dogs with canine parvoviral enteritis (CPE). Secondary objectives were to describe the signalment, history, physical examination findings, and progression of disease while in hospital and correlate them to survival.

Design: Retrospective study from medical records of dogs diagnosed with CPE between 2001 and 2018.

Predictors of inflammatory lower airway disease in cats presented to the emergency room in respiratory distress: a case-control study.

Objectives: The objective of the study was to identify whether venous blood gas (VBG) variables may serve as a predictor of inflammatory lower airway disease (ILAD) in cats presenting with respiratory distress. A secondary objective of this study was to compare the diagnostic utility of patient signalment, history and physical examination findings, as compared with VBG variables.

Methods: The medical records of cats presenting with respiratory distress secondary to ILAD (54 cases) and non-ILAD (121 controls) were retrospectively reviewed.

Pulsus alternans in a critically ill dog hospitalized for xylitol toxicity.

A 2-year-old spayed female Great Pyrenees cross dog was presented following the consumption of pure xylitol sweetener. Blood tests revealed hepatocellular leakage and cholestasis, hyperlactatemia, thrombocytopenia, and prolonged prothrombin and activated partial thromboplastin times. Thoracic radiographs on day 2 of hospitalization were consistent with pulmonary hemorrhage.

The association between serial point-of-care test results and hospitalization time in canine parvovirus infection (2003-2015).

The objectives of this study were to describe serial point-of-care test results in dogs infected with canine parvovirus (CPV), highlight clinicopathologic abnormalities at various timepoints, and investigate their association with the duration of hospitalization. Two-hundred and four dogs positive for CPV at the Western College of Veterinary Medicine between 2003 and 2015 were included. Data were recorded pertaining to emergency panel and venous blood gas tests at presentation, and every 12 hours thereafter (+/- 4 hours) for the first 72 hours of hospitalization.