Enabling quantitative comparison of wastewater surveillance data across methods through data standardization without method standardization.

Wastewater surveillance for COVID-19 and other pathogens has expanded globally. Rapid development and availability of various assays has facilitated swift adoption of wastewater surveillance in localities with diverse requirements. However, it presents challenges in comparing data due to methodological variations.

Energy Transfer Characteristics of Lipid Bilayer Membranes of Liposomes Examined with Picosecond Time-Resolved Raman Spectroscopy.

A number of biochemical reactions proceed inside biomembranes. Since the rate of a chemical reaction is influenced by chemical properties of the surrounding environment, it is important to examine the chemical environment inside the biomembranes. Although the energy transfer characteristics are a basic and important property of a reaction medium, experimental investigation of the thermal conducting capabilities of the biomembranes is a challenging task.

Promotes Cell Migration and Colonization in Hypopharyngeal Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Background/aim: This study aimed to identify key molecules associated with the survival of patients with hypopharyngeal squamous cell carcinoma (HpSCC) by combining in silico and in vitro analyses.

Materials And Methods: Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were screened using the Gene Expression Omnibus database. For DEGs, we performed functional enrichment and protein-protein interaction network analyses to identify potential biological functions and hub genes.

Molecular characterization of immunoinhibitory factors PD-1/PD-L1 in sheep.

Sheep have been used as a large animal experimental model for studying infectious diseases. However, due to a lack of staining antibodies and reagents, immunological studies on sheep have not progressed. The immunoinhibitory receptor programmed death-1 (PD-1) is expressed on T lymphocytes.

Inversion of Diaza[5]Helicenes Through an N-N Bond Breaking Pathway.

1,1',10,10'-Biphenothiazine and its S,S,S',S'-tetroxide are diaza[5]helicenes with N-N linkages. Kinetic experiments on racemization together with DFT calculations revealed that they undergo inversion through the N-N bond breaking pathway rather than the general conformational pathway. In these diaza[5]helicenes with this inversion mechanism, the reduction of electronic repulsion in the N-N bond by modification of S to SO at the outer position of the helix led to a significantly higher inversion barrier, 35.

Effect of HER2-targeted therapy on PDX and PDX-derived organoids generated from HER2-positive salivary duct carcinoma.

Background: We previously established a patient-derived xenograft (PDX) model, patient-derived organoids (PDOs), and PDX-derived organoids (PDXOs) for salivary duct carcinoma (SDC). Using these models, this study examined the therapeutic effect of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) blockade on HER2-positive SDC.

Methods: The therapeutic effect of lapatinib was assessed in SDC PDXOs with regards to cell growth, receptor/downstream signaling molecule expression, phosphorylation levels, and apoptosis.

Synchronization of Arabidopsis flowering time and vegetative growth stage via FT overexpression can reveal inherent heterosis due to heterozygosity in intraspecific hybrids.

Intraspecific hybrids of Arabidopsis sometimes display heterosis. However, allelic variation of flowering repressor genes causes late flowering in F1, which might distort the potential heterosis effect due to prolonged vegetative growth. Here, overexpression of flowering gene FT synchronized flowering and eliminated growth differentials between parental and F1.

Multi-Label Classification via Adaptive Resonance Theory-Based Clustering.

This article proposes a multi-label classification algorithm capable of continual learning by applying an Adaptive Resonance Theory (ART)-based clustering algorithm and the Bayesian approach for label probability computation. The ART-based clustering algorithm adaptively and continually generates prototype nodes corresponding to given data, and the generated nodes are used as classifiers. The label probability computation independently counts the number of label appearances for each class and calculates the Bayesian probabilities.

Integration of pharmacoproteomic and computational approaches reveals the cellular signal transduction pathways affected by apatinib in gastric cancer cell lines.

Apatinib is known to be a highly selective vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) inhibitor with anti-angiogenic and anti-tumor properties. In a phase III study, the objective response rate to apatinib was low. It remains unclear why the effectivity of apatinib varies among patients and what type of patients are candidates for the treatment.

Aggregation-induced circularly polarized phosphorescence of Pt(II) complexes with an axially chiral BINOL ligand.

A pair of chiral Pt(II) complexes coordinated by simple BINOL and bipyridine ligands displaying aggregation-induced phosphorescence and circularly polarized luminescence were characterized by X-ray crystallography and absorption and emission spectroscopies. The emission of the powder sample was reddish whereas the thin film dispersed in PMMA ( = 1 wt%) exhibited a white emission.

Establishment of experimental salivary gland cancer models using organoid culture and patient-derived xenografting.

Purpose: Depending on its histological subtype, salivary gland carcinoma (SGC) may have a poor prognosis. Due to the scarcity of preclinical experimental models, its molecular biology has so far remained largely unknown, hampering the development of new treatment modalities for patients with these malignancies. The aim of this study was to generate experimental human SGC models of multiple histological subtypes using patient-derived xenograft (PDX) and organoid culture techniques.

Healing process of myocardial edema in acute perimyocarditis: Observation by speckle-tracking echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance parametric mapping.

This report describes the case of a 42-year-old male patient with acute viral perimyocarditis. The case study serves as a demonstration of the use of speckle-tracking echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging in monitoring myocardial changes associated with perimyocarditis. It explores the possibility that regional longitudinal strain (LS) may predict prognosis in the affected areas of the myocardium, and could reflect more advanced areas of myocyte damage within myocardial edema.

GPR56 C-terminal fragment mediates signal received by N-terminal fragment of another adhesion GPCR Latrophilin1 in neurons.

Adhesion GPCRs (aGPCRs) are a subfamily of GPCRs that are involved in cell adhesion, cell proliferation, and cell migration in various tissues. G protein-coupled receptor proteolytic site (GPS) of aGPCR is required to cleave the extracellular domain autocatalytically, generating two fragments; a N-terminal fragment (NTF) and a C-terminal fragment (CTF) containing seven transmembrane structure. NTF can interact with CTF non-covalently after cleavage, however the physiological significance of the cleavage of aGPCR at GPS, and also the interaction between NTF and CTF have not been fully clarified yet.

A Multi-Population Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm Based on the Contribution of Decision Variables to Objectives for Large-Scale Multi/Many-Objective Optimization.

Most existing multiobjective evolutionary algorithms treat all decision variables as a whole to perform genetic operations and optimize all objectives with one population at the same time. Considering different control attributes, different decision variables have different optimization effects on each objective, so decision variables can be divided into convergence- or diversity-related variables. In this article, we propose a new metric called the optimization degree of the convergence-related decision variable to each objective to calculate the contribution objective of each decision variable.

A nationwide analysis of renal and patient outcomes for adults with lupus nephritis in Japan.

Background: The prognosis of lupus nephritis (LN) has improved following the introduction of effective immunosuppressive therapy and progress in supportive care. This study examined recent renal and patient prognosis for adults with LN in Japan.

Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study of LN patients who received a renal biopsy between 2007 and 2012 that were registered in the Japan Renal Biopsy Registry.

Temporal dynamics from phosphoproteomics using endoscopic biopsy specimens provides new therapeutic targets in stage IV gastric cancer.

Phosphoproteomic analysis expands our understanding of cancer biology. However, the feasibility of phosphoproteomic analysis using endoscopically collected tumor samples, especially with regards to dynamic changes upon drug treatment, remains unknown in stage IV gastric cancer. Here, we conducted a phosphoproteomic analysis using paired endoscopic biopsy specimens of pre- and post-treatment tumors (Ts) and non-tumor adjacent tissues (NATs) obtained from 4 HER2-positive gastric cancer patients who received trastuzumab-based treatment and from pre-treatment Ts and NATs of 4 HER2-negative gastric cancer patients.

Identification of CD14 and lipopolysaccharide-binding protein as novel biomarkers for sarcoidosis using proteomics of serum extracellular vesicles.

Sarcoidosis is a complex, polygenic, inflammatory granulomatous multi-organ disease of unknown cause. The granulomatous inflammation in sarcoidosis is driven by the interplay between T cells and macrophages. Extracellular vesicles (EVs) play important roles in intercellular communication.

Tumor PD-L1 and VEGF Expression, and CD8 T Cell Infiltration Predict Clinical Response to Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Background/aim: We evaluated the efficacy of "the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) classification" for predicting clinical response to immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) in patients with non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). In addition, we aimed to evaluate the "modified TIME classification", which adds the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) status to TIME.

Materials And Methods: Programmed cell death receptor ligand-1 (PD-L1), CD8 T cell tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (CD8+TILs) count and VEGF expression analyses were performed using immuno - histochemistry in 44 patients who had undergone ICI monotherapy.

Catheter-based ultrasound renal denervation in patients with resistant hypertension: the randomized, controlled REQUIRE trial.

Renal denervation is a promising new non-pharmacological treatment for resistant hypertension. However, there is a lack of data from Asian patients. The REQUIRE trial investigated the blood pressure-lowering efficacy of renal denervation in treated patients with resistant hypertension from Japan and South Korea.