Modification of Fabrication Process for Prolonged Nitrogen Release of Lignin-Montmorillonite Biocomposite Encapsulated Urea.

Crop production faces challenges in achieving high fertilizer use efficiency. To address this issue, slow-release fertilizers (SRFs) have emerged as effective solutions to minimize nutrient losses caused by leaching, runoff, and volatilization. In addition, replacing petroleum-based synthetic polymers with biopolymers for SRFs offers substantial benefits in terms of sustainability of crop production and soil quality preservation, as biopolymers are biodegradable and environmentally friendly.