Publications by authors named "Noha Abdelgawad"
Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) has a high mortality, possibly due to suboptimal therapy. Drug exposure data of antituberculosis agents in the central nervous system (CNS) are required to develop more effective regimens. Rifabutin is a rifamycin equivalently potent to rifampin in human pulmonary tuberculosis.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Tuberculous meningitis (TBM) is the most lethal form of TB. To study the disease, drug concentrations in samples obtained from the spinal CSF are usually used to reflect brain concentrations. Emerging data suggest that transport of substances across capillaries in the brain (ventricular CSF) and spinal cord may differ.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Linezolid is evaluated in novel treatment regimens for tuberculous meningitis (TBM). Linezolid pharmacokinetics have not been characterized in this population, particularly in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF), as well as, following its co-administration with high-dose rifampicin. We aimed to characterize linezolid plasma and CSF pharmacokinetics in adults with TBM.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFArticle Synopsis
- Linezolid is being tested for treating tuberculous meningitis (TBM) in adults, especially those with HIV, but its behavior in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) hasn’t been fully understood, particularly when taken with rifampicin.
- In a phase 2 clinical trial, participants received high doses of rifampicin along with linezolid, and extensive plasma and CSF samples were analyzed to assess drug concentrations.
- Results showed that linezolid was effectively present in CSF and its levels weren't negatively impacted by rifampicin, suggesting that the combination therapy should be further studied for TBM treatment.
Background: Early mortality among hospitalized HIV-associated tuberculosis (TB/HIV) patients is high despite treatment. The pharmacokinetics of rifampicin, isoniazid, and pyrazinamide were investigated in hospitalized TB/HIV patients and a cohort of outpatients with TB (with or without HIV) to determine whether drug exposures differed between groups.
Methods: Standard first-line TB treatment was given daily as per national guidelines, which consisted of oral 4-drug fixed-dose combination tablets containing 150 mg rifampicin, 75 mg isoniazid, 400 mg pyrazinamide, and 275 mg ethambutol.
Article Synopsis
- Limited research on how rifampicin, a drug for tuberculosis, moves through the body and into the brain in children with tuberculous meningitis (TBM) inspired this analysis of its distribution in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) and brain tissue.
- The study involved 61 children, aiming to quantify rifampicin levels in plasma, lumbar CSF, ventricular CSF, and brain extracellular fluid using advanced techniques like liquid chromatography and microdialysis.
- Findings revealed that rifampicin concentrations are significantly lower in CSF than in plasma, confirming that the drug penetrates brain tissue and suggesting microdialysis as a useful method for studying drug distribution in TBM.
Article Synopsis
- An editorial error occurred during production where the ± symbol was incorrectly placed on the right side of the values in Table IV.
- The correct placement of the symbol should be on the left side of the values.
- The original article has since been corrected to fix this mistake.
Optimization of a lyophilized fast-disintegrating tablet (LFDT) formulation containing naratriptan hydrochloride, an antimigraine drug, was the foremost objective of the study, aiming in achieving fast headache pain relief. The Design-Expert® v10 software was used to generate formulations using D-optimal mixture design with four components: gelatin (X), hydrolyzed gelatin (X), glycine (X), and mannitol (X) of total solid material (TSM) w/w. The effect of the relative proportion of each component was determined on friability (Y), hardness (Y), and in vitro disintegration time (Y), which was then applied for formulation optimization.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Folie à deux is a clinical condition that was first described in 19th century. It is a psychotic disorder in which two closely associated individuals share a similar delusional system.
Objectives: The aim of this article is to review the nosological significance of folie à deux and to explore the disorder among patients with dementia.
Arsenic exposure, particularly the chronic type, can lead to poisoning with manifestations presenting in multiple organ systems. However, acute psychosis is not a commonly described manifestation of arsenic exposure. In this report, we present the case of a patient who developed acute psychosis with hallucinations, disorganized thinking, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms following chronic occupational arsenic exposure.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: The prevalence of childhood trauma and its impact on clinical outcomes in hospitalized patients with mood disorders is unknown. We studied the frequency of childhood trauma among inpatient adults with mood disorders and its association with clinical outcomes.
Methods: Patients admitted to our hospital with a primary diagnosis of mood disorders completed the short form of the Early Trauma Inventory-Self-Report (ETISR-SF), the Sheehan Disability Scale, and the Clinician-Rated Dimensions of Psychosis Symptom Severity scale.