Differential Expression of CXCL12 in Human and Mouse Hair: Androgens Induce CXCL12 in Human Dermal Papilla and Dermal Sheath Cup.

We previously demonstrated that C-X-C Motif Chemokine Ligand 12 (CXCL12) is primarily secreted by dermal fibroblasts in response to androgens and induces hair miniaturization in the mouse androgenic alopecia (AGA) model. However, the direct effects of androgen-induced CXCL12 on dermal papilla cells (DPCs) and dermal sheath cup cells (DSCs) have not been demonstrated. First, we compared single-cell RNA sequencing data between mouse and human skin, and the results show that CXCL12 is highly co-expressed with the androgen receptor (AR) in the DPCs and DSCs of only human hair.

Disseminated tuberculosis masquerading as a psychiatric illness-A case report.

Unlabelled: Tuberculosis (TB) can affect any organ, and at times more than one organ in any sequence, in which case it is referred to as disseminated tuberculosis (DTB). We report a patient who presented primarily for psychiatric symptoms of three months' duration, which later turned out to be a case of DTB involving the central nervous system as well as the spine and lungs.

Case Presentation: An elderly lady with subacute onset and worsening behavioural changes of three months' duration was referred for exclusion of organic brain disease.

A Comparison of Internal, Marginal, and Incisal Gaps in Zirconia Laminates Fabricated Using Subtractive Manufacturing and 3D Printing Methods.

DLP printing is a new method for producing zirconia laminates that ensure clinically acceptable gaps in the internal, marginal, and incisal regions. A typical model of a central maxillary incisor was prepped by a dentist and scanned. The laminate was designed using CAD software version 2023.

Design, synthesis and biological evaluation of truncated 1'-homologated 4'-selenonucleosides as PPARγ/δ dual modulators.

This study explores the synthesis and evaluation of truncated 1'-homologated 4'-selenonucleosides as dual modulators of PPARγ and PPARδ. Starting with d-lyxose, a 4'-selenosugar was synthesized and condensed with a nucleobase via an S2 reaction, followed by modifications at the C2- and N-positions, yielding compounds 3a-l. Structure-activity trend analysis identified compound 3h, featuring 2-chloro and N-3-iodobenzylamine substituents, as a potent PPARγ partial agonist and PPARδ antagonist (PPARγ K = 2.

Stem Cell-Laden Engineered Patch: Advances and Applications in Tissue Regeneration.

Stem cell-based therapies are emerging as significant approaches in tissue engineering and regenerative medicine, applicable to both fundamental scientific research and clinical practice. Despite remarkable results in clinical studies, challenges such as poor standardization of graft tissues, limited sources, and reduced functionality have hindered the effectiveness of these therapies. In this review, we summarize the engineering approaches involved in fabricating stem cell assisted patches and the substantial strategies for designing stem cell-laden engineered patches (SCP) to complement the existing stem cell-based therapies.

TissueGene-C induces anti-inflammatory activity and M2 macrophage polarization via activation of prostaglandin E signaling.

Background And Aim: Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common form of degenerative joint disease that commonly affects the knees, hips and hands. OA is a mechano-inflammatory disease characterized by low-grade inflammation, which results in breakdown of the cartilage extracellular matrix within joints, leading to pain, stiffness and inflammation. TissueGene-C (TG-C) is a cell and gene therapy investigational drug for treating knee OA that comprises human allogeneic chondrocytes and an irradiated modified cell line stably expressing transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-β1).

Cell-penetrating anti-sense peptide nucleic acids targeting sulfatase 2 inhibit adipogenesis in human mesenchymal stem cells.

Targeting the genes regulate the lineage commitment of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) to adipocytes provides a promising strategy for addressing obesity. In this study, we investigated the therapeutic potential of cell-penetrating anti-sense peptide nucleic acids (PNAs) designed to enhance solubility and hybridization properties, specifically targeting sulfatase 2 (SULF2), a potential reciprocal regulator of adipocyte and osteoblast differentiation in hMSCs. Cell-penetrating modified PNA oligomers effectively inhibit SULF2 gene transcription, leading to significant reductions in adiponectin protein synthesis and intracellular lipid droplet accumulation during adipogenesis in human bone marrow-derived MSCs (hBM-MSCs).

Reservoir Computing System with Diverse Input Patterns in HfAlO-Based Ferroelectric Memristor.

Ferroelectric memristors, particularly those based on hafnia, are gaining attention as potential candidates for neuromorphic computing. These devices offer advantages over perovskite-based ferroelectric memristors owing to their simpler structures, compatibility with complementary metal-oxide semiconductor technology, and low-power consumption characteristics. Additionally, improvements in ferroelectric memristor's performance, such as enhancing tunneling electro resistance (TER) and polarization retention, can be achieved using methods like aluminum doping and insulating film deposition.

Generation of a Vibrio-based platform for efficient conversion of raffinose through Adaptive Laboratory Evolution on a solid medium.

Raffinose, a trisaccharide abundantly found in soybeans, is a potential alternative carbon source for biorefineries. Nevertheless, residual intermediate di- or monosaccharides and low catabolic efficiency limit raffinose use through conventional microbial hosts. This study presents a Vibrio-based platform to convert raffinose efficiently.

Humanized CXCL12 antibody delays onset and modulates immune response in alopecia areata mice: insights from single-cell RNA sequencing.

It has been demonstrated that CXCL12 inhibits hair growth via CXCR4, and its neutralizing antibody (Ab) increases hair growth in alopecia areata (AA). However, the molecular mechanisms have not been fully elucidated. In the present study, we further prepared humanized CXCL12 Ab for AA treatment and investigated underlying molecular mechanisms using single-cell RNA sequencing.

Spatial, transcriptomic, and epigenomic analyses link dorsal horn neurons to chronic pain genetic predisposition.

Key mechanisms underlying chronic pain occur within the dorsal horn. Genome-wide association studies (GWASs) have identified genetic variants predisposed to chronic pain. However, most of these variants lie within regulatory non-coding regions that have not been linked to spinal cord biology.

Butanolides and clerodane diterpenes from the twigs of Casearia grewiifolia and their effects on adiponectin secretion.

Three butanolides derivatives, grewiifolides A-C, and nine clerodane diterpenes, grewiifolins M-U, as well as a known sterol were isolated from the twigs of Casearia grewiifolia. The chemical structures and configurations of all isolates were established by various spectroscopic means and chemical derivatization. In a cell-based phenotypic assay using the adipogenesis model of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (hBM-MSCs), grewiifolide B significantly promoted adiponectin-secretion with EC value of 24.

Effects of substitution of crude palm oil with palm-pressed fibre oil on the laying hen's performance, egg production and egg quality traits.

This study aimed to evaluate the effects of substituting a crude palm oil (CPO) diet with palm-pressed fibre oil (PPFO) on laying hens' performance, egg production, carcass characteristic and egg quality. A total of 150 Hisex Brown laying hens were randomly assigned to five treatments: a basal diet containing 4% CPO (T1-control) and basal diets in which CPO was substituted by 25% (T2), 50% (T3), 75% (T4) or 100% (T5) PPFO. These diets were fed to laying hens ad libitum for 16 weeks.

Intrahepatic Duct Incision and Closure for the Treatment of Multiple Cholelithiasis in a Dog.

This report describes the successful intrahepatic duct incision and closure for the treatment of multiple cholelithiasis in a dog with untreated hypothyroidism. A 12-year-old spayed female Spitz dog weighing 11.3 kg was diagnosed with multiple cholelithiasis, and a quadrate liver lobectomy and cholecystectomy were performed.

Preventing overdoses involving stimulants: the POINTS study protocol.

Background: In recent years, overdoses involving illicit cocaine, methamphetamine, and other stimulants have increased in the U.S. The unintentional consumption of stimulants containing illicit fentanyl is a major risk factor for overdoses, particularly in Massachusetts and Rhode Island.

Effect of Tissue-derived Angiotensinogen on Kidney Injury and Fibrosis in Obstructive Nephropathy.

Background/aim: Angiotensinogen (AGT), a precursor of angiotensin II (AngII), contributes to regulating (patho)physiological conditions, including blood pressure changes, inflammation, and kidney fibrosis. However, the precise role of tissue-specific AGT in kidney fibrosis independent of blood pressure remains to be fully understood. This study investigated the source of intrarenal AGT and its role in kidney injury and fibrosis during obstructive nephropathy.

HfAlOx-based ferroelectric memristor for nociceptor and synapse functions.

Efficient data processing is heavily reliant on prioritizing specific stimuli and categorizing incoming information. Within human biological systems, dorsal root ganglions (particularly nociceptors situated in the skin) perform a pivotal role in detecting external stimuli. These neurons send warnings to our brain, priming it to anticipate potential harm and prevent injury.