Rare Manifestation of the Cutaneous and Cervical Lymph Node Metastases of Urothelial Carcinoma of Urinary Bladder: A Case Report.

Lymph node metastasis from bladder cancer mainly involves the external/internal iliac and obturator nodes as the primary lymphatic drainage sites of the bladder, and common iliac sites as the secondary drainage. Lymph node involvement above the diaphragm is rare. Metastasis to the head and neck region is associated with poor prognosis and low survival rate.

Concurrent Medullary Carcinoma and Hashimoto's Thyroiditis: A Case Report with an Emphasis on US Features.

Medullary thyroid carcinoma (MTC) is a rare malignancy that originates from the parafollicular cells of the thyroid gland. Hashimoto's thyroiditis (HT) is an autoimmune thyroid disease and is the most common cause of hypothyroidism. Previous studies have frequently discussed the association among HT, papillary thyroid carcinoma, and thyroid lymphoma.

Unusual sonographic appearance of breast cancer metastasis to the pectoralis muscle.

Breast cancer is one of the most common malignancies in women. It frequently metastasizes to the lungs, liver, and bone. Breast cancer metastasis to skeletal muscles is rare.

Ultrasonographic Findings of a Chondrolipoma Arising from the Left Supraclavicular Region: A Case Report.

Chondrolipomas, which are lipomas with chondroid metaplasia, are rare benign soft tissue tumors with no relevant epidemiological reports or radiological information. A limited number of lipomas with osteo/chondroid differentiation have been reported in the literature between 1960 and 2008. Moreover, only few studies have described the radiologic findings of chondrolipomas.

Sonographic appearance of a large lipoma of the spermatic cord presenting clinically as an inguinoscrotal hernia.

Lipoma of the spermatic cord or the round ligament is called inguinal canal lipoma. It may present as an inguinal herniating mass of fat tissue, with or without an accompanying herniating sac. There are few reports about large lipomas of the spermatic cord.

A Complex Cortical Malformation Caused by a Mutation in the Tubulin-Encoding Gene.

Tubulinopathy commonly refers to complex congenital and non-progressive brain malformations caused by mutations in the tubulin genes. Among tubulin-encoding genes, has rarely been reported as a cause of complex cortical malformations. Herein, we report a case of tubulinopathy in a 21-month-old boy who presented with delayed development.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Clinical Features of Chlorfenapyr-Induced Toxic Leukoencephalopathy: A Case Report.

Chlorfenapyr is widely used as an insecticide, despite it being fatal to humans. However, chlorfenapyr-induced central nervous system toxicity has rarely been reported. We report the magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) findings in a rare case of chlorfenapyr-induced toxic leukoencephalopathy.

Giant Intramyocardial Aneurysm in a Patient with Intercoronary Communication between the Left Circumflex Artery and Right Coronary Artery: A Case Report.

Coronary artery aneurysm is a rare disease. It occurs in the epicardial space, mostly along the course of major coronary arteries. Here, we report a case of a giant incidental aneurysm embedded in the basal posterior wall of the left ventricle.

Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Hyperglycemia-Related Osmotic Demyelination Syndrome: A Case Report.

We report a rare case of hyperglycemia-related osmotic demyelination syndrome (ODS) with focus on the imaging findings. A 61-year-old man with diabetes was admitted for general weakness and severe thirst. A few days later, he complained of dysarthria, dysphasia, and dysmetria.

Magnetic resonance imaging of patients with lateral epicondylitis: Relationship between pain and severity of imaging features in elbow joints.

Objective: The aim of this study was to determine the inter- and intra-observer reliabilities of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis, to examine whether degree of common extensor tendon (CET) injury is related to other elbow abnormalities on MRI, and to investigate the correlation between elbow abnormalities on MRI and patients' symptoms.

Methods: Fifty-one patients (32 women and 19 men; mean age: 50 years (range, 22-63)) with a diagnosis of lateral epicondylitis were included in the study. The average duration of symptoms was 2.

Sonographic appearance of an eccrine spiradenoma: A case report.

Eccrine spiradenoma is a rare, benign, adnexal skin tumor of the sweat gland, which may manifest in any part of the body. It is typically located in the dermal or the subcutaneous fat layer. Eccrine spiradenomas rarely progress to malignant transformation and only a few cases of malignant transformation have been reported.

Imaging sonographic findings of in a case of proliferating trichilemmal tumor of a finger: A case report.

Proliferating trichilemmal tumor (PTT) is a rare tumor that originates from the outer root sheath of a hair follicle. About 90% of PTTs occur on the scalp. The sonographic findings of PTT in the subungual region have not been reported previously.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging Findings in Small Patella Syndrome.

Small patella syndrome (SPS) is characterized by aplasia or hypoplasia of the patella and pelvic girdle abnormalities, including bilateral absence or delayed ossification of the ischiopubic junction and infra-acetabular axe-cut notches. Here, we report a case of SPS in a 26-year-old female. Magnetic resonance image (MRI) showed a small patella with thick eccentric non-ossified patellar cartilage and femoral trochlear dysplasia with hypoplastic patellar undersurface.

Modified thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS) and its clinical usefulness.

Background: Thoracolumbar injury classification and severity score (TLICS) is not very reliable for assessment of injury to the posterior ligament complex, even when scored by experts. It is not reasonable to score every compression fracture or burst fracture the same as there is great variety in the severity of compression fractures and burst fractures.

Purpose: To propose a modified TLICS (mTLICS) and evaluate the performance of the mTLICS system by measuring the agreement between scores determined by radiologists using both systems and actual treatment procedure delivered.

Three-dimensional isotropic T2-weighted fast spin-echo (VISTA) knee MRI at 3.0 T in the evaluation of the anterior cruciate ligament injury with additional views: comparison with two-dimensional fast spin-echo T2-weighted sequences.

Background There has been no comparison study to assess the diagnostic efficacy of additional anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) views in three-dimensional (3D) volume isotropic turbo spin-echo acquisition (VISTA) and two-dimensional (2D) fast spin-echo (FSE) T2-weighted (T2W) images for the diagnosis of ACL tear. Purpose To compare the diagnostic performances of additional ACL views on VISTA with those on the 2D FSE T2W images. Material and Methods This retrospective study included 78 patients who were suspected to have ACL injury and underwent both 2D TSE T2W magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and 3D VISTA MRI of the knee between November 2012 and March 2013.

Comparison between arthroscopic findings and 1.5-T and 3-T MRI of oblique coronal and sagittal planes of the knee for evaluation of selective bundle injury of the anterior cruciate ligament.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of combining oblique sagittal and oblique coronal MRI views of the anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) with traditional orthogonal views for the evaluation of selective-bundle ACL injury and to evaluate whether there is a statistical difference in diagnostic ability between 1.5-T and 3-T MRI.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included 114 patients who underwent knee MRI (46 on 1.

Breast-specific gamma imaging: correlations with mammographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer.

Objective: The purpose of this article is to evaluate the correlations between breast-specific gamma imaging (BSGI) findings and mammographic and clinicopathologic characteristics of breast cancer.

Materials And Methods: Our study included 56 breast cancers that had undergone BSGI between August 2010 and December 2012. We reviewed imaging findings (BSGI and mammography) with histopathologic findings, including tumor size, histologic type, nuclear grade, presence of ductal carcinoma in situ (DCIS), and presence of extensive intraductal component (EIC); and immunochemical features, including estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (ERBB2, formerly HER2), Ki67, and p53.

Multiple osteochondritis dissecans of knee joint in a patient with Wilson disease, focusing on magnetic resonance findings.

A 17-year-old man was admitted with a complaint of knee pain. He was diagnosed with Wilson disease by ophthalmologic and laboratory studies during hospitalization. Initial plain radiography of both knees showed multiple osteochondritis dissecans (OCD) on the medial and lateral femoral condyles of both knees.

A practical MRI grading system for osteoarthritis of the knee: association with Kellgren-Lawrence radiographic scores.

Purpose: To propose a reproducible and constant MR grading system for osteoarthritis of the knee joint that provides high interobserver and intraoberver agreement and that does not require complicated calculation procedures.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study sample included 44 men and 65 women who underwent both MRI and plain radiography of the knee at our institution. All patients were older than 50 years of age (mean 57.

Accuracy of MR findings in characterizing peroneal tendons disorders in comparison with surgery.

Background: Previous studies have shown that magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has a high sensitivity for peroneal tendon pathology but more studies with surgery as a reference standard are needed.

Purpose: To evaluate the accuracy of MRI compared to surgery for characterizing chronic peroneal tendon pathology.

Material And Methods: Ninety-seven patients (57 men, 40 women; mean age, 39 years; range, 15-64 years) with chronic lateral ankle instability underwent MRI followed by surgery, with a mean MR to surgery interval of 30 days.

Clinical correlation of a new practical MRI method for assessing cervical spinal canal compression.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate interobserver agreement and whether or not a new MRI grading system correlates with symptoms and neurologic signs for assessing spinal canal compression.

Materials And Methods: One hundred patients (52 men and 48 women; mean age, 50 years) underwent MRI of the cervical spine at our institution and were evaluated by two musculoskeletal radiologists. The presence and grade of cervical canal stenosis at the maximal narrowing point was assessed according to the new grading system suggested by Kang et al.

Preoperative US-guided hookwire localization for nonpalpable cervical masses.

Purpose: We investigated whether the preoperative ultrasound (US)-guided hookwire localization for nonpalpable cervical masses allows surgeons to find these masses more easily and more confidently.

Methods: Eight patients underwent preoperative US-guided hookwire insertion for nonpalpable cervical masses at our institution between January 2008 and January 2011. Cervical masses were detected by US or CT, and seven of the eight patients underwent US-guided fine-needle aspiration.

Thyroid cysts treated with ethanol ablation can mimic malignancy during sonographic follow-up.

Purpose: We aimed to assess long-term ultrasound (US) findings after US-guided percutaneous ethanol ablation (EA) in benign thyroid cysts and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules.

Methods: Forty patients with thyroid cysts (n = 14) and predominantly cystic thyroid nodules (n = 26) underwent long-term US follow-up (range, 12-36 months; mean, 18.2 months) after EA.

Ultrasonography of normal and abnormal appendix in children.

Appendicitis is the most common acute surgical emergency of childhood. Since the original report by Puylaert in 1986, the use of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of appendicitis has been the subject of considerable study. Among the reported diagnostic criteria, the maximal outer diameter (MOD) of the appendix is accepted as the one of the most reliable criteria used to differentiate between a normal appendix and acute appendicitis.