Null mutants of a tomato Rho of plants exhibit enhanced water use efficiency without a penalty to yield.

Improving water use efficiency in crops is a significant challenge as it involves balancing water transpiration and CO uptake through stomatal pores. This study investigates the role of SlROP9, a tomato Rho of Plants protein, in guard cells and its impact on plant transpiration. The results reveal that SlROP9 null mutants exhibit reduced stomatal conductance while photosynthetic CO assimilation remains largely unaffected.

Cost effectiveness and affordability of trastuzumab in sub-Saharan Africa for early stage -positive breast cancer.

Background: Breast cancer is the second most common cancer worldwide, the most common among women, and the most frequent cause of death among women in less developed regions. Trastuzumab is a humanized monoclonal antibody that downregulates the extracellular domain of the protein. Using trastuzumab to treat women with localized -positive breast cancer has been shown to improve survival.