Bacterial outer membrane vesicles induce a transcriptional shift in arabidopsis towards immune system activation leading to suppression of pathogen growth in planta.

Gram-negative bacteria form spherical blebs on their cell periphery, which later dissociate from the bacterial cell wall to form extracellular vesicles. These nano scale structures, known as outer membrane vesicles (OMVs), have been shown to promote infection and disease and can induce typical immune outputs in both mammal and plant hosts. To better understand the broad transcriptional change plants undergo following exposure to OMVs, we treated Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis) seedlings with OMVs purified from the Gram-negative plant pathogenic bacterium Xanthomonas campestris pv.

Assessing Carrot Accessions Susceptibility to the Bacterial Pathogen ' Liberibacter solanacearum' and Its Associated Symptoms.

' Liberibacter solanacearum' is an insect-transmitted bacterium associated with several plant diseases. In the Mediterranean Basin, '. L.

Effect of Plant Age, Temperature, and Vector Load on ' Liberibacter solanacearum' in Planta Titer and Shoot Proliferation Symptoms in Carrot.

A decade ago, shoot proliferation symptoms (i.e., witches' broom) in carrots were believed to be the cause of ' Phytoplasma' and infection, yet in recent years this association appeared to have weakened, and a closer association was found with the yet-unculturable, psyllid-transmitted Gram-negative bacterium ' Liberibacter solanacearum'.