Time-resolved Fluorescence and Generalized Polarization: Innovative tools to assess bull sperm membrane dynamics during slow freezing.

During slow freezing, spermatozoa undergo membrane alterations that compromise their ability of fertilizing. These alterations are cause either by cold shock or by the use of cryoprotectants known to be cytotoxic. However, little is known about the membrane changes that occurred during freezing.

The Retinaculum Flap for Dorsal Fixation of Distal Radius Fractures.

In spite of the more popular volar approach for plating of distal radius fractures (DRFs), there are still indications for dorsal plating and even combined dorsovolar plating in complex DRFs. Dorsal plating carries a concern for complications such as tenosynovitis, extensor tendon adhesions, and delayed extensor tendon ruptures. These risks can be minimized by use of modern low-profile plates and the use of an extensor retinaculum flap to cover the distal plate and screws.

Improvement in glucose metabolism after bariatric surgery: comparison of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass and laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy: a prospective randomized trial.

Background: The exclusion of the proximal small intestine is thought to play a major role in the rapid improvement in the metabolic control of diabetes after gastric bypass.

Objective: In this randomized, prospective, parallel group study, we sought to evaluate and compare the effects of laparoscopic Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (LRYGB) with those of laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy (LSG) on fasting, and meal-stimulated insulin, glucose, and glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1) levels.

Methods: Thirteen patients were randomized to LRYGB and 14 patients to LSG.