Diversity of Neotropical stalked-puffball: Two new species of Tulostoma with reticulated spores.

Species of the genus Tulostoma are easily recognizable by the presence of a spore sac, with a mouth from which spores are released, attached to a stipe. Tulostoma is a species-diverse genus with a worldwide distribution, and some attempts were made to delimitate species and to evaluate reliable taxonomic-informative characteristics for species identification. However, there is a notable information gap regarding Neotropical species, especially for geographic distribution and DNA data, which hampers further understanding of the infrageneric diversity, evolution, and ecology of this genus.

A global phylogenomic analysis of the shiitake genus .

is a broadly distributed group of fungi that contains the cultivated shiitake mushroom, . We sequenced 24 genomes representing eight described species and several unnamed lineages of from 15 countries on four continents. comprises four major clades that arose in the Oligocene, three in the Americas and one in Asia-Australasia.

Global phylogeny of the Shiitake mushroom and related Lentinula species uncovers novel diversity and suggests an origin in the Neotropics.

Lentinula (Basidiomycota, Agaricales) includes the most widely cultivated mushroom in the world, Lentinula edodes, also known as shiitake (Japanese) or xiang-gu (Chinese). At present, nine species are recognized in the genus, based on morphology, mating criteria, and geographic distribution. However, analyses of internal transcribed spacers (ITS) of ribosomal RNA genes have suggested that there are cryptic lineages.

Productivity and bioactivity of enokipodins A-D of and .

Enokipodins are antimicrobial sesquiterpenes produced by in a mycelial culture medium. To date, enokipodin production has not been reported in other members of the genus . Hence, in this study, the production of enokipodins A, B, C, and D by and was investigated.

Use of P450 cytochrome inhibitors in studies of enokipodin biosynthesis.

Enokipodins A, B, C, and D are antimicrobial sesquiterpenes isolated from the mycelial culture medium of Flammulina velutipes, an edible mushroom. The presence of a quaternary carbon stereocenter on the cyclopentane ring makes enokipodins A-D attractive synthetic targets. In this study, nine different cytochrome P450 inhibitors were used to trap the biosynthetic intermediates of highly oxygenated cuparene-type sesquiterpenes of F.

A new method for asperphenamate synthesis and its antimicrobial activity evaluation.

Asperphenamate is a natural phenylalanine derivative. This compound was produced through a new, two-step synthetic route. It was also evaluated by the antimicrobial activity of the pure substance against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus and Cladosporium herbarum.