HIV-Infected Patients Developing Tuberculosis Disease Show Early Changes in the Immune Response to Novel Antigens.

In individuals living with HIV infection the development of tuberculosis (TB) is associated with rapid progression from asymptomatic TB infection to active TB disease. Sputum-based diagnostic tests for TB have low sensitivity in minimal and subclinical TB precluding early diagnosis. The immune response to novel expressed and latency associated antigens may help to measure the early stages of infection and disease progression and thereby improve early diagnosis of active TB disease.

Machine Learning Algorithms Evaluate Immune Response to Novel Antigens for Diagnosis of Tuberculosis.

Rationale: Tuberculosis diagnosis in children remains challenging. Microbiological confirmation of tuberculosis disease is often lacking, and standard immunodiagnostic including the tuberculin skin test and interferon- release assay for tuberculosis infection has limited sensitivity. Recent research suggests that inclusion of novel antigens has the potential to improve standard immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis.

Intermediate monocytes exhibit higher levels of TLR2, TLR4 and CD64 early after congenital heart surgery.

Introduction: Congenital heart surgery with cardiopulmonary bypass (CPB) initiates an immune response which frequently leads to organ dysfunction and a systemic inflammatory response. Complications associated with exacerbated immune responses may severely impact the postoperative recovery. The objective was to describe the characteristics of monocyte subpopulations and neutrophils at the level of pattern recognition receptors (PRR) and the cytokine response after CPB in infants.

Risk Factors for Indeterminate Interferon-Gamma Release Assay for the Diagnosis of Tuberculosis in Children-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Interferon-gamma release assays (IGRA) are well-established immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) in adults. In children these tests are associated with higher rates of false-negative and indeterminate results. Age is presumed to be one factor influencing cytokine release and therefore test performance.

A Systematic Review on Novel Antigens and Their Discriminatory Potential for the Diagnosis of Latent and Active Tuberculosis.

Current immunodiagnostic tests for tuberculosis (TB) are based on the detection of an immune response toward mycobacterial antigens injected into the skin or following an simulation in interferon gamma-release assays. Both tests have limited sensitivity and are unable to differentiate between tuberculosis infection (LTBI) and active tuberculosis disease (aTB). To overcome this, the use of novel ( stage-specific antigens for the diagnosis of LTBI and aTB has gained interest in recent years.

Radiofrequency electromagnetic field exposure in everyday microenvironments in Europe: A systematic literature review.

The impact of the introduction and advancement in communication technology in recent years on exposure level of the population is largely unknown. The main aim of this study is to systematically review literature on the distribution of radiofrequency electromagnetic field (RF-EMF) exposure in the everyday environment in Europe and summarize key characteristics of various types of RF-EMF studies conducted in the European countries. We systematically searched the ISI Web of Science for relevant literature published between 1 January 2000 and 30 April 2015, which assessed RF-EMF exposure levels by any of the methods: spot measurements, personal measurement with trained researchers and personal measurement with volunteers.