Predictive factors of frozen section in transoral microlaryngeal surgery for suspicious glottic lesions.

Objective: Frozen biopsy may guide surgical intraoperative decisions. We evaluated the accuracy of frozen biopsy for diagnosing benign, dysplastic and malignant laryngeal lesions, compared to paraffin section (gold standard).

Methods: Retrospective review of the charts of all patients presenting with laryngeal lesions suspicious of malignancy, who underwent laryngeal microsurgery with frozen biopsy in our institution, between 2015 and 2020.

Hyaluronic Acid Concentration in Female Vocal Folds With Reinke's Edema.

Objective: The aim of the present study was to investigate hyaluronic acid (HA) concentrations in vocal folds among patients with Reinke's edema.

Study Design: Prospective and experimental study.

Setting: Single tertiary center.

Pharyngeal Motility Before and After Thyroarytenoid Muscle Botulinum Toxin Injection.

Botulinum toxin type A (BTA) injection in intrinsic laryngeal musculature may result in dysphagia and consequent loss of quality of life (QOL) in a percentage of patients. This study aims to evaluate pharyngeal motility as a putative cause for this change in swallow quality in light of high-resolution manometry (HRM). Twenty patients (95% females, median age 66 years) underwent high-resolution manometry before and after BTA injection.

Laryngeal and Vocal Characterization of Asymptomatic Adults With Sulcus Vocalis.

 Sulcus vocalis is defined as a longitudinal depression on the vocal cord, parallel to its free border. Its most marked characteristic is breathlessness, caused by incomplete glottal closure, in addition to roughness, due to the decrease in mucosal wave amplitude of the vocal cords. Vocal acoustic aspects, such as fundamental voice frequency, jitter, and shimmer, may also be altered in individuals with this type of laryngeal disorder.

Difficulty producing high-pitched sounds in singing: correlations with laryngostroboscopy and electromyographic findings.

Introduction: Difficulties or limitations in producing high-pitched sounds while singing may be due to the vocal technique used or organic factor. The observation of such difficulty or limitation by singing teachers is one of the main reasons affected individuals are referred to otolaryngologists.

Objective: To evaluate the laryngostroboscopic and electromyographic changes in the cricothyroid muscles of singers with difficulties or limitations producing high-pitched sounds.

Prevalence of Minor Larynx Structural Alterations: Influence on the Concept of a Normal Vocal Fold.

Objective: To determine the prevalence of minor structural alterations (MSA) in the vocal fold cover in a population submitted to extralaryngeal site surgery and to characterize them according to morphological and epidemiological parameters.

Study Design: This was a cross-sectional and observational study.

Setting: Tertiary referral medical center.

Comparison of botulinum toxin and propranolol for essential and dystonic vocal tremors.

Objectives: Vocal tremors, which cause social difficulties for patients, may be classified as resting or action tremors. Of the vocal action tremors, essential and dystonic tremors are the most common. Botulinum toxin and oral medications have been used to treat vocal tremors, but no comparative clinical trials have been performed.

Sulfated glycosaminoglycans in human vocal fold lamina propria.

Introduction: The distribution, concentration and function of glycosaminoglycans in the various vocal fold tissues are still unclear.

Objective: To evaluate the distribution and concentration of sulfated glycosaminoglycans in different layers of the human vocal fold according to gender and age.

Methods: We used 11 vocal folds obtained from cadavers (7 men and 4 women) with no laryngeal lesion, less than 12h after death, and aged between 35 and 98 years.

Laryngoscopy evaluation protocol for the differentiation of essential and dystonic voice tremor.

Introduction: Although syndromes that cause voice tremor have singular characteristics, the differential diagnosis of these diseases is a challenge because of the overlap of the existing signs and symptoms.

Objective: To develop a task-specific protocol to assess voice tremor by means of nasofibrolaryngoscopy and to identify those tasks that can distinguish between essential and dystonic tremor syndromes.

Methods: Cross-sectional study.

Orthodontic intervention combined with myofunctional therapy increases electromyographic activity of masticatory muscles in patients with skeletal unilateral posterior crossbite.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the electromyographic activity of both the temporalis and masseter muscles and the mastication type of patients with skeletal unilateral posterior crossbite before and after orthodontic treatment and speech therapy.

Methods: A total of 14 patients with skeletal unilateral posterior crossbite (eight females and six males), between 6-13 years of age, underwent electromyographic evaluation of their masseter and temporalis muscles in mandibular rest, habitual mastication and isometry. The subjects were assessed with regard to mastication type before and after orthodontic treatment and speech therapy.

Laryngeal electromyography in dysphonic patients with incomplete glottic closure.

Unlabelled: The lack of specificity in laryngoscopical examination requires that the diagnosis of superior laryngeal and recurrent laryngeal nerve involvement be carried out with the aid of electromyography.

Objective: This study aims to assess the electrophysiological function of the superior and inferior laryngeal nerves by measuring the electrical activity of the muscles they innervate in dysphonic patients with incomplete closure of the vocal folds during phonation.

Method: Thirty-nine patients with incomplete glottic closure were enrolled in a prospective study and had their cricothyroid, thyroarytenoid, and lateral cricoarytenoid muscles examined bilaterally through electromyography.

Videofluoroscopic evaluation of mastication and swallowing in individuals with TMD.

Unlabelled: To study mastication and swallowing disorders in patients with temporomandibular disorders (TMD).

Objective: To investigate mastication and swallowing disorders in patients with severe TMD referred to surgery.

Materials And Methods: Clinical and experimental study involving ten individuals with TMD submitted to deglutition videofluoroscopy.

Craniofacial growth variations in nasal-breathing, oral-breathing, and tracheotomized children.

Introduction: Childhood oral breathing can alter muscular balance and lead to facial deformities. No articles in the literature have reported on the alteration of facial growth patterns in patients who have received tracheotomies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate craniofacial developmental consequences originating from variations in breathing mechanisms in children who are nasal breathers or oral breathers, and those who have been tracheotomized.

Concentration of hyaluronic acid in human vocal folds in young and old subjects.

Objective: To compare and evaluate concentrations of hyaluronic acid (HA) in normal vocal folds of both young and elderly people of both sexes.

Study Design: Experimental study.

Setting: The research was carried out at the ENT, Head and Neck Surgery Department and the Pharmacology Institute of São Paulo Federal University.

Comparison of clinical characteristics of patients with adductor laryngeal dystonia in the focal and segmental types.

Unlabelled: Dystonia is a central motor processing neurological disorder characterized by abnormal, often action-induced, involuntary movements or uncontrolled spasms.

Aim: To compare patients with the diagnoses of focal and segmental adductor laryngeal dystonia at the Neurolarynx Outpatient Clinic of the Federal University of São Paulo.

Materials And Methods: A clinical retrospective study of data collected from patient registries from 2003 to 2009.

Transfer function of Brazilian Portuguese oral vowels: a comparative acoustic analysis.

Unlabelled: The vocal tract transfers its characteristics onto the sounds produced at the glottis, depending on its tridimensional configuration.

Aim: this study aims to determine which of the seven oral vowels in Brazilian Portuguese is acoustically less impacted by changes to the vocal tract.

Materials And Method: this is a cross-sectional prospective study.

Dysphonia severity degree and phonation onset latency in laryngeal adductor dystonia.

Although the latency between the initiation of thyroarytenoid electrical activity and the onset of phonation generally is increased in patients with adductor laryngeal dystonia, there is disagreement about whether there is overlap of latency values in these patients and normal subjects. The goal of this article was to compare the severity of dysphonia with the latency between electrophysiological activation of the thyroarytenoid muscle (TA) and the onset of phonation in patients with adductor laryngeal dystonia and compare the values with normal controls. Twenty-one patients with adductor dystonia and 15 control patients underwent laryngeal electromyographic (EMG) examination of the left TA.

Blood vessels of vocal folds: a videolaryngoscopic study.

Objective: To analyze and compare the incidence and visual characteristics of blood vessels on the superior surface of vocal folds with polyps, nodules, and minimal structural alterations (ie, sulci, cysts, and mucosal bridges).

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Academic research.

Detection of hyaluronic acid receptor in human vocal folds by immunohistochemistry.

Unlabelled: Hyaluronic acid receptor is a glycoprotein of the plasmatic membrane, and the CD44 is its representative, expressed in many cell types where it has the task of cell adhesion.

Aim: the goal of the present experimental study is to investigate the possibility of using immunohistochemistry to identify the distribution of hyaluronic acid along the vocal fold.

Materials And Methods: We resected the normal vocal folds from a normal 23 year-old male black individual.

The difficult management of patients with respiratory segmental dystonia.

Unlabelled: Respiratory dystonia is a rare and difficult to diagnose disorder, that causes breathing restriction of various degrees. The objective of the study is to report the case of a patient with respiratory dystonia involving the larynx and the pharynx and its evolution concerning spasms intensity and control.

Case Report: A 24 year-old-man has been followed for 5 years.

Adduction laryngeal dystonia: proposal and evaluation of nasofibroscopy.

Unlabelled: Dystonias are organic central motor processing disorders characterized by involuntary muscular contractions or incontrollable spasms induced by task-specific movements. Adduction laryngeal dystonias present with important speech impairments, with inappropriate spasms and abrupt voice breaks. The diagnosis is based on clinical features, evaluation by a speech therapist and transnasal fiber optic laryngoscopy.

Immunohistochemistry as a method to study elastic fibers of human vocal fold.

Aim: Verify the use of immunohistochemistry as a method to measure all forms of elastic fibers at human vocal folds.

Study Design: Transversal cohort.

Material And Method: We collected vocal folds following these criterion: age between 25 and 40, Caucasian men, dead by gun shot, within 12 hours of death, without instrumentation of the larynx or suspicion of neck injury and without mucosal lesions noted by microscopy.

Changes in eating habits following total and frontolateral laryngectomy.

Context: Swallowing is a continuous dynamic process, characterized by complex stages, that involves structures of the oral cavity, pharynx, larynx and esophagus. It can be divided into three phases: oral, pharyngeal and esophageal. Dysphagia is characterized by difficulty with, or the inability to swallow food of normal consistencies.