Low sperm to egg ratio required for successful fertilization in a pair-spawning teleost, Senegalese sole ().

Cultured Senegalese sole () breeders fail to spawn fertilized eggs. The implantation of large-scale fertilization protocols, to solve this problem, has been frustrated by low production of poor quality sperm. Cultured females were induced to ovulate with a 5 µg kg single injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone agonist (GnRHa) and viable eggs (82.