Association of morbidity, mortality, and average daily gain with transfer of passive immunity in dairy-beef crossbred calves up to 60 days of life.

Adequate transfer of passive immunity (TPI) is a cornerstone for a proper health status of calves. In the literature, there is limited information on the prevalence of failure of TPI in dairy-beef crossbred calves and its effect on morbidity, mortality, and ADG during the preweaning period. Therefore, this study aimed to evaluate the association between TPI with morbidity, mortality, and ADG in preweaning dairy-beef crossbred calves.

WGS of intrauterine from cows with early postpartum uterine infection reveals a non-uterine specific genotype and virulence factors.

has been attributed to playing a major role in a cascade of events that affect the prevalence and severity of uterine disease in cattle. The objectives of this project were to (i) define the association between the prevalence of specific antimicrobial resistance and virulence factor genes in with the clinical status related to uterine infection, (ii) identify the genetic relationship between isolates from cows with diarrhea, with mastitis, and with and without metritis, and (iii) determine the association between the phenotypic and genotypic antimicrobial resistance identified on the isolated from postpartum cattle. Bacterial isolates ( = 148) were obtained from a larger cross-sectional study.

Antimicrobial resistance of Escherichia coli from dairy farms participating in an antimicrobial stewardship educational program for farm employees.

Antimicrobial use in food-producing animals is under increasing scrutiny due to the potential effect on the selection of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria that may be transmitted to humans by direct contact, with the food chain, or the environment. Novel data monitoring commensal Escherichia coli from dairy farms is essential for understanding antimicrobial resistance (AMR) patterns and their association with herd health management practices. The objectives of this study were to: (1) compare the prevalence of antimicrobial resistance in the E.

Antimicrobial stewardship on the dairy: Evaluating an on-farm framework for training farmworkers.

Dairy farmworkers are commonly responsible for disease diagnosis and routine treatment decisions for cattle. This highlights the importance of farmworkers' knowledge and skills to successfully implement judicious use of antimicrobials in livestock production systems. The main objectives of this project were to develop and evaluate an on-farm educational program for farmworkers in antimicrobial stewardship in adult dairy cattle.

Negative dietary cation-anion difference in prepartum dairy cow diets: a pragmatic study in two commercial dairy farms.

Pragmatic studies, evaluating the effectiveness of an intervention under its usual conditions, are less commonly reported than the explanatory trials. For instance, the effectiveness of prepartum negative dietary cation-anion difference (DCAD) diets on inducing a compensated metabolic acidosis that promotes a higher blood Ca concentration at calving has not been frequently described under commercial farm management conditions without researchers' interference. Thus, the objectives were to study cows under commercial farm management conditions to (1) describe the daily close-up dairy cows' urine pH and fed DCAD, and (2) evaluate the association between urine pH and fed DCAD, and preceding urine pH and blood Ca at calving.

Production and reproduction responses for dairy cattle supplemented with oral calcium bolus after calving: Systematic review and meta-analysis.

Among the commonly implemented strategies developed to support calcium (Ca) metabolism postpartum, oral Ca supplementation is within the most studied. However, research shows varying responses to treatment in regard to production and reproduction. Our objectives were (1) to identify and synthesize the literature evaluating the associations between postpartum oral Ca supplementation as bolus and milk yield and risk of pregnancy to first service using a systematic review, and (2) to quantify these associations using meta-analytical methods.

Dynamics of serum immunoglobulin G and total protein concentrations in dairy calves during the first 2 weeks of life.

The aim of the present study was to describe the dynamics of serum IgG (determined with radial immunodiffusion) and total protein (TP; determined with refractometry) concentrations during the first 16 d of life. Secondary objectives were to evaluate the transfer of passive immunity (TPI) classification at d 1 of life as a conditional factor for the aforementioned dynamics, and to describe over time changes on calves' TPI classification. At a commercial raising operation, 36 calves (19 Holstein, 17 Jersey) were sampled immediately after arrival (d 1) and at d 4, 8, 12 and 16 of life, for serum IgG and TP concentration, and hematocrit determination (HCT).

Evaluation of antimicrobial resistance and risk factors for recovery of intrauterine Escherichia coli from cows with metritis on California commercial dairy farms.

The goals of this study were to evaluate factors affecting recovery and antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in intrauterine E. coli in post-partum dairy cows with and without metritis from commercial California dairy farms. Using a cross-sectional study design, a total of 307 cows were sampled from 25 farms throughout California, from which a total of 162 intrauterine E.

Defining clinical diagnosis and treatment of puerperal metritis in dairy cows: A scoping review.

Although puerperal metritis (PM) is a common infectious disease in dairy cattle, there are currently discrepancies between clinical case definitions within and between available peer-reviewed literature and on-farms practices. The inconsistent use of PM criteria across studies and on-farms practices can result in disparities related to recommendations for treating cows, affecting judicious use of antimicrobials. The objective of this study was to systematically review the peer-reviewed literature for clinical signs used for case definition of PM.

Association of low serum calcium concentration after calving with productive and reproductive performance in multiparous Jersey cows.

Consequences of postpartum low blood calcium (Ca) concentration are still under study and literature describing this condition in Jersey cows is scarce. A prospective cohort study was conducted to evaluate the association of low serum Ca concentration shortly after calving with milk and energy-corrected milk yields, somatic cell count linear score, and pregnancy to first service and within 150 d in milk in multiparous Jersey cows from 2 commercial herds. Blood samples for serum Ca determination were collected on average at 3 h 10 min postpartum from 352 multiparous Jersey cows.

Effects of postpartum oral calcium supplementation on milk yield, milk composition, and reproduction in multiparous Jersey and Jersey × Holstein crossbreed cows.

The objective of the present study was to evaluate the effects of postpartum oral calcium supplementation on milk yield, energy-corrected milk yield, milk fat concentration, milk protein concentration, and somatic cell count linear score across the first 3 monthly tests postpartum, peak milk yield, risk of pregnancy at first service, and hazard of pregnancy by 150 d in milk on 1,129 multiparous Jersey and Jersey × Holstein crossbreed cows from 2 commercial dairies. After calving, cows were systematically assigned to control (no oral calcium supplementation; n = 567) or oral calcium supplementation at 0 and 1 d in milk (oral Ca; 50 to 60 g of calcium as boluses; n = 562). Monthly test milk yield, composition, and somatic cell count information was obtained from the Dairy Herd Improvement Association.

Characterization of the Temporal Trends in the Rate of Cattle Carcass Condemnations in the US and Dynamic Modeling of the Condemnation Reasons in California With a Seasonal Component.

Based on the 2016 National Cattlemen's Beef Association statistics, the cattle inventory in the US reached 93.5 million head, from which 30.5 million were commercial slaughter in 2016.

16S rRNA analysis of diversity of manure microbial community in dairy farm environment.

Dairy farms generate a considerable amount of manure, which is applied in cropland as fertilizer. While the use of manure as fertilizer reduces the application of chemical fertilizers, the main concern with regards to manure application is microbial pollution. Manure is a reservoir of a broad range of microbial populations, including pathogens, which have potential to cause contamination and pose risks to public and animal health.

Tuberculosis Prevalence Among US Crop-Workers, 2000 to 2012: Trends and Contributing Factors.

Objective: We intend to study tuberculosis (TB) in one of the poorest communities in the US, hired agriculture workers, for most recent years (2000 to 2012) including the last recession period.

Methods: Time-chart, simple mean differences, and logistic regressions were used to describe TB-prevalence and risk factors among US crop-workers. Data were drawn from the National Agricultural Workers Survey (NAWS).

Management of dry and transition cows to improve energy balance and reproduction.

Fertility of dairy cows has decreased for the past several decades. Measures of energy balance (EB; e.g.