Validating a tool to assess eye health knowledge, attitude and practice in Cambodia and Vietnam.

Aim: To develop an eye health knowledge, attitude and practice (EH-KAP) field-based assessment tool for use in implementing effective eye health care services.

Methods: An instrument development and validation study. A Vietnam EH-KAP dataset were used to identify and eliminate redundant questions to develop a standardized tool.

Cataract Surgical Rate and Socioeconomics: A Global Study.

Purpose: Cataract is the leading cause of blindness and cataract surgical rate (CSR) is used as a proxy indicator of access to cataract services in a country. The aim of this study was to explore the associations between the CSR and the economic development of countries in terms of gross domestic product per capital (GDP/P) and gross national income per capita (GNI/P).

Methods: We systematically searched OVID (Medline and Embase), Pubmed, Embase.

Global, regional, and national comparative risk assessment of 79 behavioural, environmental and occupational, and metabolic risks or clusters of risks in 188 countries, 1990-2013: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2013.

Background: The Global Burden of Disease, Injuries, and Risk Factor study 2013 (GBD 2013) is the first of a series of annual updates of the GBD. Risk factor quantification, particularly of modifiable risk factors, can help to identify emerging threats to population health and opportunities for prevention. The GBD 2013 provides a timely opportunity to update the comparative risk assessment with new data for exposure, relative risks, and evidence on the appropriate counterfactual risk distribution.

Global, regional, and national disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) for 306 diseases and injuries and healthy life expectancy (HALE) for 188 countries, 1990-2013: quantifying the epidemiological transition.

Background: The Global Burden of Disease Study 2013 (GBD 2013) aims to bring together all available epidemiological data using a coherent measurement framework, standardised estimation methods, and transparent data sources to enable comparisons of health loss over time and across causes, age-sex groups, and countries. The GBD can be used to generate summary measures such as disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs) and healthy life expectancy (HALE) that make possible comparative assessments of broad epidemiological patterns across countries and time. These summary measures can also be used to quantify the component of variation in epidemiology that is related to sociodemographic development.

Serous macular detachment as a predictor of resolution of macular edema with intravitreal triamcinolone injection.

Background And Objective: To evaluate serous macular detachment as a predictor for response of macular edema to intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide.

Patients And Methods: Sixteen eyes (16 patients) with macular edema and serous macular detachment secondary to diabetic retinopathy (n = 11) or branch vein occlusion (n = 5) were prospectively enrolled. After intravitreal triamcinolone acetonide injection (4 mg/0.

Prevalence of eye signs in congenital rubella syndrome in South India: a role for population screening.

Purpose: Congenital rubella syndrome (CRS) resulting from maternal rubella infection, especially in the first trimester, affects an estimated 100 000 infants each year worldwide. Immunisation has reduced its occurrence in the developed world, though it remains a problem in countries with poor immunisation coverage. This population-based study was aimed at screening children below 5 years of age for ocular signs suspicious of CRS.

Evaluation of patient age as a risk factor for intraocular pressure elevation after intravitreal triamcinolone.

Purpose: To evaluate the effect of patient age on intraocular pressure (IOP) response after intravitreal injection of triamcinolone acetonide (IVTA).

Design: Interventional case series.

Methods: A total of 164 outpatients (164 eyes) aged 21 to 80 years (mean, 56.

Software for reading and grading diabetic retinopathy: Aravind Diabetic Retinopathy Screening 3.0.

Objective: To evaluate the validity and reproducibility of software for reading digital images and grading diabetic retinopathy.

Research Design And Methods: A prospective, comparative observational study was conducted on a series of patients with type 2 diabetes who presented at the retina clinic of a tertiary care center in India. A total of 210 eyes of 105 patients were allocated to one of three ophthalmologists, who performed dilated indirect and direct ophthalmoscopy and subsequently assessed the digital images of the same group of patients who were masked to the patient's identity.