Cognitive Enhancement Strategies for Older Adults: An Evaluation of Different Training Modalities to Improve Executive Function-A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) : The aging population is expected to triple by 2050. Executive functions decline with age, impacting daily tasks, and this is associated with neurodegenerative diseases. Aerobic and resistance exercises positively affect cognitive function in older adults by influencing growth markers.

Relationship Between Knee Frontal Plane Projection Angle and Lower Limb Muscle Activity in Female Athletes.

Context: Anterior cruciate ligament injuries are directly related to the control of dynamic knee valgus in the landing of a jump, and this is mainly due to the correct activation and neuromuscular function of the lower-extremity muscles. The aim of the study is to assess the relationship between lower limb muscle activity during a single-legged drop jump and knee frontal plane projection angle (FPPA).

Design: A correlation study.

Effects of Plantar Fascia Release and the Use of Foot Orthoses Affect Biomechanics of the Medial Longitudinal Arch of the Foot: A Cadaveric Study.

Objective: The aim of the study is to evaluate the effect of minimally invasive ultrasound-guided fascial release and a foot orthoses with first metatarsal head cutout on the biomechanics of the medial longitudinal arch of the foot in cadaveric specimens.

Design: A cross-sectional study was designed (20 body donors). Anthropometric measurements of the foot, foot posture index, and the windlass test and force were measured in different conditions: unloaded, loaded position, with foot orthoses, after a 25% plantar fascia release and after a 50% release.

Correlation between Power Elbow Flexion and Physical Performance Test: A Potential Predictor for Assessing Physical Performance in Older Adults.

Background: With the increasing number of older adults and their declining motor and cognitive function, it is crucial to find alternative methods for assessing physical functionality. The Short Physical Performance Battery (SPPB), the Time Up and Go (TUG) test, the 4 Meter Walk Test and the Barthel Index (BI) have been used to evaluate mobility and fragility and predict falls. But some of these functional test tasks could be difficult to perform for frail older adults or bedridden patients that cannot ambulate.

Quadriceps and gluteus medius activity during stable and unstable loading exercises in athletes. A cross-sectional study.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the muscle activation of the vastus medialis, vastus lateralis, and gluteus medius during different strength and stability exercises with a water tank compared with a sandbag. A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Functional Anatomy Laboratory, and the sample consisted of 28 athletes. The main outcome measures were surface electromyography (dependent variable), water tank and sandbag, and exercise type (independent variables): Isometric Single Leg Stance (ISLS), One Leg Deadlift (OLDL), Front Rack Forward Lunge (FRFL), and Lateral Lunge (LL).

Correlation between Physical Performance and Tensiomyographic and Myotonometric Parameters in Older Adults.

Background: To examine the correlation between physical performance and muscle strength and the variables obtained from tensiomyography and myotonometry.

Methods: Fifty-two older adults able to complete functional tests participated in this observational study. Variables of maximal radial muscle displacement (Dm) and contraction time (Tc) (using tensiomyography) and muscle stiffness (using myotonometry) of the rectus femoris and vastus lateralis muscles were assessed.

Effectiveness of Different Training Modalities on Static Balance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

(1) Background: aging is associated with functional changes such as balance, which plays a critical role in older adults. Physical exercise has been established as a factor capable of modulating these age-related alterations. (2) Methods: a meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials (RCTs) was conducted.

Effect of Load Distribution on Trunk Muscle Activity with Lunge Exercises in Amateur Athletes: Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: The effect of load distribution applied to the trunk musculature with lunge exercises has yet to be determined. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of load placement using dumbbells on the activation of the latissimus dorsi, erector spinae, external oblique, and rectus abdominis muscles during the lunge.

Methods: Forty-two amateur athletes (21 men and 21 women) were recruited.

Peroneal muscle activity during stable and unstable load exercises. A cross-sectional study.

Objective: To evaluate the muscle activity of the peroneus longus during the execution of different unstable load exercises compared to stable load exercises.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Functional Anatomy Laboratory.

Effectiveness of a Multicomponent Training Program on Physical Performance and Muscle Quality in Older Adults: A Quasi-Experimental Study.

Aging is associated with a decrease in functional capacity, manifested by a loss of strength, physical performance and muscle quality. Multicomponent training (MCT), characterized by the combination of at least three types of training, could be a good strategy to counteract these changes. To date there are no studies evaluating the effectiveness of MCT in improving both physical performance and muscle quality simultaneously.

Effects of Adding an Online Exercise Program on Physical Function in Individuals Hospitalized by COVID-19: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

The worldwide pandemic caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) virus has impacted all healthcare systems. One potential sequela experienced by hospitalized coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) survivors includes muscle weakness with a reduction in strength and, consequently, a possible increase in frailty. The aim of this clinical trial was to evaluate the efficacy of adding an online therapeutic exercise program for 8 weeks to the medical prescriptions on functional variables in patients hospitalized due to COVID-19.

Effectiveness of multicomponent training on physical performance in older adults: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Multicomponent training (MCT) is characterized by the combination of at least 3 types of training. The purpose of this meta-analysis was to assess the effectiveness of MCT programs for improving physical performance in healthy older adults. A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized control trials (RCTs) was conducted.

Correlation between Physical Performance and Stabilometric Parameters in Older Adults.

: Falls are a common and serious threat to the health and independence of older adults. The decrease in functional capacity during aging means an increased risk of falls. To date, it is not known whether there is a relationship between balance and functional tests.

Effect of respiratory muscle training in asthma: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: The last systematic review about respiratory muscle training (RMT) in people with asthma was published almost 10 years ago. Since then, several works have been published.

Objective: To review the effect of RMT in people with asthma.

Immediate effects of diacutaneous fibrolysis in athletes with hamstring shortening. A randomized within-participant clinical trial.

Background: Diacutaneous fibrolysis is a non-invasive instrumental physiotherapeutic technique, used to treat mechanical or inflammatory pain and normalize function in the musculoskeletal system. Different studies have reported positive effects on range of motion, strength or function in musculoskeletal disorders, mainly in the upper extremity. The incidence and recurrence rates of hamstring injuries are high in many sports.

Sex Differences in Pre-Season Anthropometric, Balance and Range-of-Motion Characteristics in Elite Youth Soccer Players.

In soccer, injury epidemiology differs between males and females. It is clinically useful to know whether there are between-sex differences in selected characteristics relevant to primary injury risk and injury prevention practices. The purpose of this study was to explore between-sex differences in anthropometric, balance, and range-of-motion characteristics in Spanish elite male and female youth soccer players.

Effectiveness of Blood Flow Restriction Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Older Adults: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis.

Objective: To analyze the effectiveness of the blood flow restriction training in improving muscle strength and physical performance in older adults.

Data Sources: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials was conducted. The Cochrane Library, PubMed, Web of Sciences, PEDro, Scopus, and ScienceDirect databases were systematically searched.

Does Self-Myofascial Release Cause a Remote Hamstring Stretching Effect Based on Myofascial Chains? A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Background: The hamstring muscles are described as forming part of myofascial chains or meridians, and the superficial back line (SBL) is one such chain. Good hamstring flexibility is fundamental to sporting performance and is associated with prevention of injuries of these muscles. The aim of this study was to measure the effect of self-myofascial release (SMR) on hamstring flexibility and determine which segment of the SBL resulted in the greatest increase in flexibility.

Biceps Femoris Activation during Hamstring Strength Exercises: A Systematic Review.

Background: The aim of the study was to systematically evaluate the biceps femoris long head activation across cross-sectional hamstring strength exercise studies.

Methods: A systematic review design was followed. The search strategy conducted in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Sciences databases found a total of 3643 studies.

Relationship between lower limb EMG activity and knee frontal plane projection angle during a single-legged drop jump.

Objectives: To assess a relationship between lower limb muscle activity and the frontal plane knee kinematics during a single-legged drop jump.

Design: Correlation study; SETTING: Functional Anatomy Laboratory.

Participants: 35 healthy collegiate male athletes.

Effects of a Massage Protocol in Tensiomyographic and Myotonometric Proprieties.

Background: Pre-competition massage is usually used to improve athletic performance and reduce risk of injury. Despite its usual use, the effects of pre-competition massage on neuromuscular function have barely been studied. The aim of this study is to evaluate the effects of the pre-competition massage over the gastrocnemius neuromuscular function.

Is Dry Needling Effective for the Management of Plantar Heel Pain or Plantar Fasciitis? An Updated Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Dry needling is commonly used for the management of plantar fasciitis. This meta-analysis evaluated the effects of dry needling over trigger points associated with plantar heel pain on pain intensity and related disability or function.

Methods: Electronic databases were searched for randomized controlled trials in which at least one group received dry needling, not acupuncture, for trigger points associated with plantar heel pain and in which outcomes were collected on pain intensity and related disability.

Normative data and correlation between dynamic knee valgus and neuromuscular response among healthy active males: a cross-sectional study.

The dynamic knee valgus (DKV) during different sport maneuvers has been widely described as risk factor to develop an anterior cruciate ligament injury. Hip and knee muscles seem to have a crucial role to prevent the dynamic knee valgus. This study aimed to give normative and correlational data about DKV and hip and knee neuromuscular response (NMR) among healthy active males.

Correlation between maximal radial muscle displacement and stiffness in gastrocnemius muscle.

Objective: Tensiomyography (TMG) and myotonometry (MMT) are two novel technologies that measure neuromuscular properties. These two devices measure the stiffness of the soft tissue as well as other variables. The aim of this study is to analyze if there is any correlation between maximal radial displacement (Dm) and Stiffness in the medial and lateral gastrocnemius muscles.

Effectiveness of Protein Supplementation Combined with Resistance Training on Muscle Strength and Physical Performance in Elderly: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of the combination of resistance training (RT) and protein supplementation (PS), compared to RT alone or combined with a placebo (plS), in the improvement of muscle strength and physical performance. The search strategy in PubMed, Cochrane Library, and Web of Sciences databases found a total of 294 studies. Once inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied, 16 studies were included for the qualitative analysis.