Differential Pressure Spirometry for Mechanical Ventilation Using Dichotomic Search.

In invasive mechanical ventilation (IMV), it is critical that the flow value is estimated correctly, as it is used as a trigger variable for ventilatory assistance. Furthermore, the numerical integration of the flow allows the calculation of the total volume per breath (tidal volume), which clinicians use to identify trauma or lung capacity in the patient. The current COVID-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need to develop safe and efficient techniques for measuring this spirometry variable because many mechanical ventilators delivered to hospitals were unable to measure it directly.

Nonlinear modeling of industrial boiler NOx emissions.

Pollutant emissions into the atmosphere are recognized as a significant problem in fossil fuel combustion. The pollution emission measurement in industrial boilers is difficult and expensive but fundamental for monitoring and controlling. Frequently continuous emissions monitoring (CEM) system is out of service or useless due to obsolescence, high maintenance cost, and so on or simply is not installed.

Design and Validation of an Articulated Sensor Carrier to Improve the Automatic Pipeline Inspection.

Pipeline inspection gauges (PIGs) carry out automatic pipeline inspection with nondestructive testing (NDT) technologies like ultrasound, magnetic flux leakage, and eddy current. The ultrasonic straight beam allows technicians to determine the wall thickness of the pipeline through the time of flight diffraction (TOFD), providing the pipeline reconstruction and allowing the detection of several defects like dents or corrosion. If the pipeline is of a long distance, then the inspection process is automatic, and the fluid pressure pushes the PIG through the pipeline system.

Improvement of Ultrasonic Pulse Generator for Automatic Pipeline Inspection.

This paper presents the improvement of an ultrasonic pulse generator for a pipeline inspection gauge (PIG), which uses 64 transducers for inspecting distances up to 100 km with an axial resolution fixed at 3 mm and variable speeds between 0 and 2 m/s. An ultrasonic pulse generator is composed of a high-voltage (HV) MOSFETs, driver logic and an HV power supply. We used a DC-HV DC converter device as the HV power supply because it reduces the size of the ultrasound system considerably.