Risk factors of the Clostridium difficile infection in patients with chronic kidney disease.

Background: Clostridium difficile (C. difficile) is a Gram-positive bacillus responsible for diarrhea and colitis, mainly among hospitalized patients. It is a leading cause of nosocomial infections.

An inconspicuous insect bite as the cause of sepsis in a patient treated with infliximab due to rheumatoid arthritis.

The monoclonal antibody against TNFa (infliximab) suppresses cytokines involved in inflammatory reaction. Consequently, infliximab is a potent agent in treating refractory rheumatoid arthritis (RA). There is also evidence showing beneficial anti-TNFα therapy effect on RA-related amyloidosis AA.