Disulfiram, an Anti-alcoholic Drug, Targets Macrophages and Attenuates Acute Rejection in Rat Lung Allografts.

Macrophages contribute to post-transplant lung rejection. Disulfiram (DSF), an anti-alcoholic drug, has an anti-inflammatory effect and regulates macrophage chemotactic activity. Here, we investigated DSF efficacy in suppressing acute rejection post-lung transplantation.

Thoracic mediastinal-occupying ratio predicts recovery and prognosis after lung transplantation.

Objectives: Even after transplantation of favourable donor lungs, some recipients require prolonged weaning from mechanical ventilation, indicating a poor prognosis. We investigated the effects of prolonged mechanical ventilation (PMV) for >14 days on the recovery and survival of patients who underwent cadaveric lung transplantation in relation to their physical traits.

Methods: We retrospectively reviewed patients who underwent cadaveric lung transplantation (age ≥15 years) at a single centre between April 2015 and December 2020 and classified them into PMV and non-PMV groups (>14 and ≤14 days of mechanical ventilation postoperatively, respectively).

Effect of intraoperative needle biopsy on the survival of nonsmall cell lung cancer patients: a propensity score matching analysis.

Purpose: It is unknown whether intraoperative needle biopsy (INB) predisposes to the postoperative recurrence of lung cancer and compromises the prognosis of these patients. We conducted this study to identify the effect of INB before lobectomy on the postoperative recurrence rate and prognosis of patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

Methods: The subjects of this retrospective study were 953 patients with pathological stage I-III NSCLC who underwent lobectomy between 2001 and 2016.

Virtual-assisted lung mapping in sublobar resection of small pulmonary nodules, long-term results.

Objectives: The short-term efficacy of virtual-assisted lung mapping (VAL-MAP), a preoperative bronchoscopic multi-spot lung-marking technique, has been confirmed in 2 prospective multicentre studies. The objectives of this study were to analyse the local recurrence and survival of patients enrolled in these studies, long-term.

Methods: Of the 663 patients enrolled in the 2 studies, 559 patients' follow-up data were collected.

Risk Factors for Invisible Intraoperative Markings After Virtual-Assisted Lung Mapping.

Background: Virtual-assisted lung mapping (VAL-MAP) is a preoperative bronchoscopic multispot dye-marking technique that can be combined with bronchoscopic placement of a microcoil (VAL-MAP 2.0). VAL-MAP can identify unpalpable pulmonary lesions; however, the markings are occasionally deemed invisible intraoperatively.

Efficacy of the Segment-Counting Method in Predicting Lung Function and Volume Following Stapler-Based Thoracoscopic Segmentectomy.

Purpose: To investigate the accuracy of a segment-counting method in predicting lung function and volume after stapler-based thoracoscopic segmentectomy in comparison with lobectomy.

Methods: Between 2014 and 2018, patients who underwent these procedures were retrospectively reviewed. Thoracic computed tomography and spirometry data before and 1 year after the surgery were assessed.

Lung transplant after long-term veno-venous extracorporeal membrane oxygenation: a case report.

Background: Although the number of patients who undergo extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) as a bridge to lung transplantation is increasing worldwide, there are few reports on lung transplantation after long-term ECMO (more than 1 month). We report a rare case of successful bilateral lung transplantation in a Japanese patient after 5 months of veno-venous (VV)-ECMO support.

Case Presentation: A 27-year-old man who underwent bone marrow transplantation (BMTx) with fully matched human leukocyte antigen typing was diagnosed with bronchiolitis obliterans caused by chronic graft-versus-host disease 3 years after the BMTx.

Pediatric living-donor lobar lung transplantation in postpneumonectomy-like anatomy caused by pulmonary hypoplasia with congenital diaphragmatic hernia.

When performing living-donor lobar lung transplantation on small children of height 100 cm or under, accommodation of an oversized adult lobar graft is problematic, sometimes necessitating single lobar transplantation in combination with contralateral pneumonectomy. We here report a unique case of living-donor lobar lung transplantation in a 9-year-old boy with congenital pulmonary hypoplasia. Although he was 104 cm tall, and the available adult lower lobe graft appeared to be oversized, his right lung was hypoplastic, resulting in his mediastinum being shifted to the right and thus already showing "postpneumonectomy-like" anatomy.

Familial Interstitial Pneumonia Revealed After Living-Donor Lobar Lung Transplantation.

Living-donor lobar lung transplantation is often indicated for acute exacerbation of idiopathic interstitial pneumonia because of the long waiting time for cadaveric lung transplantation in Japan. Donors without major underlying diseases are selected after medical screening. A 44-year-old man donated his right lower lobe to his sibling with idiopathic interstitial pneumonia.

Management of Partial Anomalous Pulmonary Venous Return In Lung Transplantation.

This report describes the case of a patient who underwent bilateral lung transplantation for idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension with coexisting partial anomalous pulmonary venous return and tracheal bronchus. The hypoplastic and low-positioned left atrial orifice caused by abnormal reflux of the right upper pulmonary vein and high-positioned right upper lobe bronchus made right anastomosis challenging. To prevent excessive tension on left atrial anastomosis, the donor's right main bronchus was anastomosed to the recipient's bronchus intermedius, a maneuver that resulted in successful anastomosis and an uneventful postoperative course.

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction post-lung transplantation: The era of bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive allograft syndrome.

Chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD) following lung transplantation limits long-term survival considerably. The main reason for this is a lack of knowledge regarding the pathological condition and the establishment of treatment. The consensus statement from the International Society for Heart and Lung Transplantation on CLAD in 2019 classified CLAD into two main phenotypes: Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome and restrictive allograft syndrome.

The impact of surgical chest wall damage caused by classic thoracotomy on pulmonary function and morphology.

Objectives: Postoperative changes in pulmonary function (PF) and morphology due to surgical chest wall damage by thoracotomy with rib resection are unclear. Therefore, we evaluated the effects of surgical damage on PF and morphology at > 6 months postoperatively by comparing different lung lobectomy approaches.

Methods: A total of 140 patients who underwent lobectomy for lung diseases between January 2006 and March 2016 were analyzed.

[Thoracic Incisions for Open Chest Surgery;Posterolateral Thoracotomy, Anterolateral Thoracotomy, Axillary Thoracotomy, and Muscle Sparing Thoracotomy].

Lung disease requiring surgical treatment has shifted from pulmonary tuberculosis that was prevalent in the 1940s during wartime to lung cancer in the last half century. The surgical approach for pulmonary tuberculosis was open chest surgery. Likewise for lung cancer, a thoracotomy approach had initially been used for a while.

Early postoperative inflammatory response by procedure types: stapler-based segmentectomy versus lobectomy.

Objective: Perioperative C-reactive protein (CRP) levels have become a contentious topic on the surgical outcome of lung cancer, but the influence of the procedure types has not been precisely investigated. From this viewpoint, we compared two types of thoracoscopic anatomical lung resection: segmentectomy and lobectomy.

Methods: This was a retrospective study involving patients who underwent standardized anatomical lung resection at a single institute from 2014 to 2017; CRP levels were routinely measured on postoperative days 1, 3, and 5.

Lifesaving surgery for a ruptured invasive thymoma using the hemi-clamshell approach: a case report.

Background: Among anterior mediastinal tumors, a teratoma is known to rupture with growth, but there have been few previous reports about thymoma rupture. We here report a rare case of an invasive thymoma with intrapulmonary and intrathoracic rupture requiring emergency life-saving surgery. To our knowledge, this is the first such case in the literature.

Case report of nivolumab-related pneumonitis.

We report a case with suggestive antiprogrammed death-1 inhibitor-related pneumonitis in an endometrial cancer patient. This case presented with fever and cough after three dosages of nivolumab. Computed tomography initially showed centrilobular nodularities in a unilateral lung, which was compatible with aspiration pneumonia.