Molecular survey for Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection in cattle in a pastureland where sika deer appear in Hokkaido, Japan.

Anaplasma bovis and Anaplasma phagocytophilum infection were examined by species-specific nested polymerase chain reaction in cattle in a pastureland where sika deer appear in Hokkaido, Japan. Of the 78 cattle examined, 12 (15%) and 1 (1%) tested positive for infection by A. bovis and A.

Serological and molecular survey of Rickettsial infection in cattle and sika deer in a pastureland in Hidaka District, Hokkaido, Japan.

Rickettsial infection of cattle and sika deer from a pastureland in Hidaka District, Hokkaido, Japan was examined by serological and molecular methods. Serum samples from 8 of 83 (9.6%) cattle reacted with Rickettsia helvetica antigens in an IFA test, with titers ranging from 1:160 to 1:640, while serum samples from 15 of 22 (68.

Detection of Rickettsia helvetica DNA from peripheral blood of Sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Japan.

Partial nucleotide sequences of the citrate synthase and 17-kDa genes of Rickettsia helvetica were detected from peripheral blood samples of Sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido, Japan. Results suggest the presence of a rickettsiemia associated with R. helvetica.

Detection of Ehrlichia muris DNA from sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) in Hokkaido, Japan.

Ehrlichia muris DNA was detected in the blood of sika deer (Cervus nippon yesoensis) by species-specific PCR based on the citrate synthase gene, which was shown to be more sensitive than species-specific PCR based on the 16S rRNA gene. Among 102 deer examined, one deer was positive. Deer may be a possible mammalian reservoir of E.

Atlas of breast magnetic resonance imaging.

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of the breast has become important not only for assessing the extent of breast cancer for breast-conserving surgery but also for the evaluation and diagnosis of other benign and malignant pathologies. We radiologists therefore need to know the appropriate indications for performing breast MRI and understand the MRI features of breast disease. We herein review and discuss the application of current pulse sequences and the imaging strategies for MRI of breast pathologies.