Changes in Gloss Alteration, Surface Roughness, and Color of Direct Dental Restorative Materials after Professional Dental Prophylaxis.

In the context of optimizing dental care for patients who are elderly, the purpose of this in vitro study was to evaluate the surface gloss (with a micro-area gloss meter) of, surface roughness (with a compact surface roughness measuring instrument) of, and color change (with a dental colorimeter) in two commercially available injectable resin-based composites (Estelite Universal Flow (EUF) and Beautifil Flow Plus F00 (BFP)) as well as two glass-ionomer cements (GC Fuji II LC CAPSULE (FLC) and GC Fuji IX GP EXTRA CAPSULE (FGP)), before and after dental prophylaxis. After 24 h, the surfaces of each specimen were polished at 2500 rpm with a prophy brush (Mersage Brush, Shofu) and one-step prophylaxis paste (Prophy Paste Pro, Directa): under 100 or 300 gf load, and for 10 or 30 s, 4× cycles of cleaning. After mechanical cleaning, conditions were found for a significant reduction in the gloss level (EUF, BFP, or FLC; < 0.

Association between clinical manifestations of occlusal trauma and magnetic resonance imaging findings of periodontal ligament space.

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between clinical manifestations of occlusal trauma of the teeth and maximum signal intensity of periodontal ligament space on MRI.

Methods: 20 subjects (males: 9, females: 11, mean age: 35.9 ± 14.

Sclerostin deficiency effectively promotes bone morphogenetic protein-2-induced ectopic bone formation.

Background And Objective: Severe periodontitis causes alveolar bone resorption, resulting in tooth loss. Developments of tissue regeneration therapy that can restore alveolar bone mass are desired for periodontal disease. The application of bone morphogenetic protein-2 (BMP-2) has been attempted for bone fractures and severe alveolar bone loss.

Association between Type 2 Diabetes and Classification of Periodontal Disease Severity in Japanese Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: to evaluate the association between type 2 diabetes and periodontal disease severity using the rate of alveolar bone loss (ABL) and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) value as indices.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study of 372 patients (mean age ± SD, 53.2 ± 11.

Gemella haemolysans inhibits the growth of the periodontal pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis.

The oral microbiome plays an important role in the human microbial community and in maintaining the health of an individual. Imbalances in the oral microbiome may contribute to oral and systemic diseases. The progression of periodontal disease is closely related to the growth of bacteria, such as Porphyromonas gingivalis, in the oral cavity.

β-Glycyrrhetinic acid inhibits the bacterial growth and biofilm formation by supragingival plaque commensals.

β-Glycyrrhetinic acid (BGA) is a natural antibacterial agent. Previous studies reported that BGA has antibacterial effects against several bacteria. This study evaluated the effects of BGA on the regulation of supragingival plaque bacteria.

Estimation of the Periodontal Inflamed Surface Area by Simple Oral Examination.

The periodontal inflamed surface area (PISA) is a useful index for clinical and epidemiological assessments, since it can represent the inflammation status of patients in one contentious variable. However, calculation of the PISA is difficult, requiring six point probing depth measurements with or without bleeding on probing on 28 teeth, followed by data input in a calculation program. More simple methods are essential for screening periodontal disease or in epidemiological studies.

A large-scale observational study to investigate the current status of diabetic complications and their prevention in Japan (JDCP study 6): baseline dental and oral findings.

Japan Diabetes Complication and Prevention prospective (JDCP) study was conducted to examine the association between glycemic control and oral conditions in a large database of Japanese patients with diabetes. It included a total of 6099 patients with diabetes (range, 40-75 years) who had been treated as outpatients between 2007 and 2009. The mean number of present teeth at baseline was 19.

A multicenter prospective cohort study on the effect of smoking cessation on periodontal therapies in Japan.

Few prospective studies have reported the effects of periodontal therapy on patients who attempted to quit smoking. This study aimed to assess how smoking cessation affects periodontal therapy. Twenty-five smokers with periodontitis were investigated by dividing them into two groups, a smoking cessation support group and a continued smoking group.

Association between Carotid Artery Calcification and Periodontal Disease Progression in Japanese Men and Women: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To evaluate the association between alveolar bone loss (ABL) detected on panoramic radiographs and carotid artery calcification (CAC) detected on computed tomography (CT).

Methods: The study subjects included 295 patients (mean age ± SD: 64.6 ± 11.

Improvement of salivary flow and oral wetness by a lip trainer device and sonic toothbrush in older Japanese men and women with dry mouth.

Dry mouth, caused by decreased salivary gland function and/or weak salivary stimulation, can severely affect oral health in older individuals. Therefore, the aim of this study is to evaluate whether a lip trainer device and sonic toothbrush can improve salivary flow and oral wetness in older patients complaining of dry mouth. Overall, 39 subjects aged ≥60 years who had at least 20 natural teeth were randomly assigned to use a lip trainer device (group P, n = 13) or a sonic toothbrush (group S, n = 13).

Porphyromonas gingivalis hydrogen sulfide enhances methyl mercaptan-induced pathogenicity in mouse abscess formation.

Porphyromonas gingivalis produces hydrogen sulfide (H2S) from l-cysteine. However, the role of H2S produced by P. gingivalis in periodontal inflammation is unclear.

Site-level progression of periodontal disease during a follow-up period.

Periodontal disease is assessed and its progression is determined via observations on a site-by-site basis. Periodontal data are complex and structured in multiple levels; thus, applying a summary statistical approach (i.e.

Treatment of OPG-deficient mice with WP9QY, a RANKL-binding peptide, recovers alveolar bone loss by suppressing osteoclastogenesis and enhancing osteoblastogenesis.

Osteoblasts express two key molecules for osteoclast differentiation, receptor activator of NF-κB ligand (RANKL) and osteoprotegerin (OPG), a soluble decoy receptor for RANKL. RANKL induces osteoclastogenesis, while OPG inhibits it by blocking the binding of RANKL to RANK, a cellular receptor of RANKL. OPG-deficient (OPG-/-) mice exhibit severe alveolar bone loss with enhanced bone resorption.

Prevalence and risk factors for peri-implant diseases in Japanese adult dental patients.

We investigated the prevalences and risk factors for peri-implant diseases in Japanese adult dental patients attending a follow-up visit at dental hospitals or clinics as part of their maintenance program. This cross-sectional multicenter study enrolled patients with dental implants who attended regular check-ups as part of a periodontal maintenance program during the period from October 2012 through September 2013. Patients with implants with at least 3 years of loading time were included in the study.

Association between oral health and the risk of lacunar infarction in Japanese adults.

Background: Poor oral health is associated with an increased risk of dementia in the elderly. One possible pathway linking these two phenomena is lacunar infarction, a potential cause of dementia. An association between poor oral health and an increased risk of ischaemic stroke has been recognised through the oral infection-inflammation pathway.

Osteoprotegerin-deficient male mice as a model for severe alveolar bone loss: comparison with RANKL-overexpressing transgenic male mice.

Periodontitis, an inflammatory disease of periodontal tissues, is characterized by excessive alveolar bone resorption. An increase in the receptor activator of nuclear factor-κB ligand (RANKL) to osteoprotegerin (OPG) ratio is thought to reflect the severity of periodontitis. Here, we examined alveolar bone loss in OPG-deficient (OPG(-/-)) mice and RANKL-overexpressing transgenic (RANKL-Tg) mice.

The short-term effects of various oral care methods in dependent elderly: comparison between toothbrushing, tongue cleaning with sponge brush and wiping on oral mucous membrane by chlorhexidine.

Objectives: To explore the short-term effects from toothbrushing, tongue cleaning with sponge brush and wiping on oral mucous membrane by chlorhexidine.

Background: Numerous reports have been seen in recent years proving the effectiveness of mouth cleaning with a toothbrush for the prevention of respiratory infections among the dependent elderly. However, the short-term effects from each oral care method have not yet been clarified.

Magnetic resonance T2-weighted IDEAL water imaging for assessing changes in masseter muscles caused by low-level static contraction.

Objective: The aim of this study was to clarify the changes, using magnetic resonance (MR) images, in the masseter muscles caused by low-level static contraction.

Study Design: Ten healthy male volunteers were enrolled in the study. The MR scans were performed before, immediately after, and 10 minutes after low-level static contraction.

A model of spontaneous periodontitis in the miniature goat.

Background: The pathogenesis and progression of periodontal disease have been extensively studied through the use of animal models. However, no animal model has yet been established that is precisely similar to periodontitis in humans. In the present study, we examined the use of Shiba goats as a model for spontaneous periodontitis.

[The relationship between periodontal disease and osteoporosis in animals].

Osteoporosis is suspected as a potential risk factor in periodontal disease. However, the detailed relationship between these diseases is unclear. The particular models of laboratory animals for the both diseases are needed to clarify the interactive influence route.

[Osteoporosis and periodontal disease in postmenopausal women].

Many studies have attempted to define the relationship between postmenopausal osteoporosis and periodontal disease. Most studies support a positive association between these common diseases; however, many are cross-sectional in nature, include relatively small sample sizes, and have inadequate control of potential confounding factors, such as age, gender, hormone intake, race, and smoking, limiting our understanding of the nature of the relationship between these diseases. Clinical conditions causing low estrogen environments in postmenopausal women allow increased local production of the bone-active cytokine and the progression of periodontal disease.

Effects of scaling and root planing on the amounts of interleukin-1 and interleukin-1 receptor antagonist and the mRNA expression of interleukin-1beta in gingival crevicular fluid and gingival tissues.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to evaluate the relationship between the clinical changes after non-surgical periodontal therapy and interleukin 1 (IL-1) in gingival crevicular fluid (GCF) and gingival tissues from patients with chronic periodontitis.

Background: The inflammatory responses mediated by IL-1 play an important role in periodontal tissue destruction. Although numerous studies have attempted to elucidate the dynamic movement involved in chronic periodontitis, the results have often conflicted.