Long-lasting complete remission in a patient with systemic metastases of recurrent breast cancer treated with cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 inhibitors: a case report.

Background: The prognosis for recurrence cases of hormone receptor-positive HER2-negative breast cancer remains poor, and treatment strategies that emphasize quality of life have often been chosen, with few physicians aiming for a cure. Our objective is to assess the validity of such current treatment strategies.

Case Presentation: A 74-year-old Asian woman with multiple lung and liver metastases after local recurrence of breast cancer was treated with two different cyclin-dependent kinases 4/6 inhibitors sequentially in combination with endocrine therapy.

A patient with stage IIIB advanced breast cancer who is still alive 24 years after surgery: a case report and remarks on the treatment strategies.

Background: In recent years, a number of agents possessing novel mechanisms, such as cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK 4/6) inhibitors and PIK3CA inhibitors, have been developed for the treatment of hormone receptor-positive (HR+) human epidermal growth factor receptor type negative (HER2-) advanced or recurrent breast cancer. As a result, the treatment strategies for advanced or recurrent breast cancer have changed significantly. The combination of CDK 4/6 inhibitors administration and endocrine therapy is now widely used in the treatment of HR+ HER2- recurrent breast cancer with improved outcomes.

Case report: two cases of extremely rare primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast.

Rationale: Since primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast is a rare disease, few reports describe the characteristic findings on performing preoperative imaging that can be used to distinguish it from normal breast cancer. The rapid evolution and lack of an established method of treatment has resulted in several reports of advanced cases of primary pure squamous cell carcinoma of the breast.

Patient Concerns: Case 1 was a 44-year-old woman with an elastic, hard tumor in the left C region.

Spin-crossover behavior and electrical conduction property in iron(II) complexes with tetrathiafulvalene moieties.

Iron(II) complexes with neutral and oxidized tetrathiafulvalene (TTF) moieties were prepared and X-ray crystallographic analyses, magnetic and electrical resistivity measurements suggested an interaction of spin transition and electrical conductivity.

Rational approach to the synthesis, evaluation, and (68)ga labeling of a novel 4-anilinoquinoline epidermal growth factor receptor inhibitor as a new imaging agent that selectively targets the epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase.

Certain small-molecule inhibitors that target epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), such as Gefitinib, Erlotinib, and Lapatinib, provide a new approach for cancer treatment. In accordance with the pharmacophore model for inhibitor competition at EGFR-binding site, this study proposes a rationalized design for a novel 4-anilinoquinoline EGFR tyrosine kinase inhibitor, [6,7-dimethoxyethoxy]-quinolin-4-yl]-(3-ethynylphenyl)-amine (YCU07). This is the first study to apply ring-closing metathesis toward synthesis of the quinoline nucleus for this 4-anilinoquinoline EGFR inhibitor.

Multiple bistability and tristability with dual spin-state conversions in [Fe(dpp)2][Ni(mnt)2]2 x MeNO2.

The multicomponent system of [Fe(dpp)(2)][Ni(mnt)(2)](2).MeNO(2) (1; dpp = 2,6-bis(pyrazol-1-yl)pyridine and mnt = maleonitriledithiolate) was prepared by the reaction of [Fe(dpp)(2)](BF(4))(2) with (Bu(4)N)[Ni(mnt)(2)] in MeNO(2). Variable-temperature X-ray structural analyses, magnetic susceptibility, and heat capacity measurements confirmed that 1 undergoes multiple spin-state conversions in both the cationic and anionic components.

Combining chronic kidney disease with 201thallium/123iodine beta methyliodophenyl pentadecanoic acid dual myocardial single-photon emission computed tomography findings is useful for the evaluation of cardiac event risk.

Objective: Chronic kidney disease is a noteworthy pathophysiology as a risk factor of cardiovascular disease. We investigated the usefulness of combining glomerular filtration rate and 201thallium(201TI)/123iodine-beta-methyliodophenyl pentadecanoic acid (123I-BMIPP) dual myocardial scintigraphic findings for predicting cardiac events.

Methods: Seventy-five patients suspected of coronary artery disease underwent 201TI/123I-BMIPP dual myocardial scintigraphy.

Total Mini-Mental State Examination score and regional cerebral blood flow using Z score imaging and automated ROI analysis software in subjects with memory impairment.

Objective: The Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) is considered a useful supplementary method to diagnose dementia and evaluate the severity of cognitive disturbance. However, the region of the cerebrum that correlates with the MMSE score is not clear. Recently, a new method was developed to analyze regional cerebral blood flow (rCBF) using a Z score imaging system (eZIS).

Fluorine-18-labeled 5-fluorouracil is a useful radiotracer for differentiation of malignant tumors from inflammatory lesions.

Objective: [(18)F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose ([(18)F]-FDG) is a useful radiotracer to detect malignant tumors. However, inflammatory processes are likely to be mistaken as malignant tumors owing to strong accumulation of [(18)F]-FDG. The fluorinated nucleoside base 5-fluorouracil has remained an important antimetabolite agent in the treatment of a variety of cancers.

The roles of PET and PET/CT in the diagnosis and management of prostate cancer.

2-(18)F-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) imaging in prostate cancer is challenging because glucose utilization in well-differentiated prostate cancer is often lower than in other tumor types. Nonetheless, FDG-PET has a high positive predictive value for untreated metastases in viscera, but not lymph nodes. A positive FDG-PET can provide useful information to aid the clinician's decision on future management in selected patients who have low prostate-specific antigen levels and visceral changes as a result of metastases.

SUV correction for injection errors in FDG-PET examination.

Objective: Many studies have documented the clinical usefulness of standardized uptake values (SUV) for diagnosis. However, in the event of injection error, accurate measurements cannot be obtained if the radioactivity of fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) leakage is not subtracted from the administered dosage. Here, a correction formula for radioactivity estimation that takes into account the radioactivity of FDG leakage was derived on the basis of a phantom experiment.

Functional imaging of estrogen receptors with radiolabeled-GAP-EDL in rabbit endometriosis model.

Rationale And Objectives: Endometriosis is a common women's health problem. Animal models provide an invaluable tool to study the natural history of endometriosis. We previously have reported that (99m)Tc-labeled glutamate peptide-estradiol ((99m)Tc-GAP-EDL) is a useful agent for imaging functional estrogen receptor (ER) via an ER-mediated process.

Inter-observer variations in FDG-PET interpretation for cancer screening.

Background: Diagnostic guidelines for the use of 2-(fluorine 18) fluoro-2 deoxy-D-glucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) in cancer screening have yet to be established. We assessed inter-observer variability in screening FDG-PET.

Methods: Subjects comprised 40 individuals who underwent FDG-PET and computed tomography (CT) for cancer screening.

FDG-PET of patients with suspected renal failure: standardized uptake values in normal tissues.

Objective: This study aims to clarify the effect of renal function on 2-[(18)F] fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron emission tomography (FDG-PET) imaging and determine the clinical significance of renal function in this setting. We compared FDG distribution between normal volunteers and patients with suspected renal failure.

Methods: Twenty healthy volunteers and 20 patients with suspected renal failure who underwent FDG-PET between November 2002 and May 2005 were selected for this study.

Clinical evaluation of the effect of attenuation correction technique on 18F-fluoride PET images.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to evaluate effect of attenuation correction technique on 18F-fluoride positron emission tomography (PET).

Methods: We performed PET scans after the injection of 185 MBq 18F-fluoride on 32 patients from October 20th, 2004 to April 13th, 2005. We calculated bone-to-muscle ratios for the images with and without attenuation correction.

Electrochemical transfer of (18)F from (18)O water to aprotic polar solvent.

Electrochemical transfer of (18)F(-) from enriched [(18)O]-water to pure acetonitrile was investigated to develop a simple and effective synthesis of (18)F-radiopharmaceuticals. The transfer of (18)F is composed of two steps: first step is electro-deposition on a graphite anode and the next step is electro-emission into pure acetonitrile by inversing the polarity of the electric tension. A sufficiently high fraction of the electro-emission, 73%, was achieved.

Reverse perfusion-metabolism mismatch predicts good prognosis in patients undergoing cardiac resynchronization therapy: a pilot study.

Background: Cardiac resynchronization therapy (CRT) improves glucose metabolism in the septum of patients with heart failure, so in the present study the predictive value of combined fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG)-positron emission tomography (PET) and metoxy-isobutyl isonitrile (MIBI)-single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) for the prognosis of patients undergoing CRT was investigated.

Methods And Results: Fourteen patients (70.3+/-8.

Targeted functional imaging of estrogen receptors with 99mTc-GAP-EDL.

Purpose: To evaluate the feasibility of using (99m)Tc-glutamate peptide-estradiol in functional imaging of estrogen receptor-positive [ER(+)] diseases.

Methods: 3-Aminoethyl estradiol (EDL) was conjugated to glutamate peptide (GAP) to yield GAP-EDL. Cellular uptake studies of (99m)Tc-GAP-EDL were conducted in ER(+) cell lines (MCF-7, 13762 and T47D).

Correlation between plasma brain natriuretic peptide concentration and lung thallium-201 uptake on exercise thallium perfusion images.

The plasma brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) concentration at rest correlates with left ventricular end-diastolic pressure (LVEDP), left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), and pulmonary capillary wedge pressure (PCWP). High lung thallium-201 uptake has been reported to be associated with hemodynamic variables such as LVEDP, LVEF, and PCWP. However, there is no study that has investigated the correlation of plasma BNP concentration with lung thallium-201 uptake.

Evaluation of myocardial glucose metabolism before and after recovery of myocardial function in patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy.

Background: We assessed left ventricular (LV) function and myocardial glucose metabolism by fluoro-18-deoxyglucose (18F-FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in patients with tachycardia-induced cardiomyopathy (TC).

Methods: The subjects were 42 patients with heart disease, consisting of 7 patients with TC (61.4 +/- 19.

Prostate cancer: a comparative study of 11C-choline PET and MR imaging combined with proton MR spectroscopy.

Purpose: Prostate cancer is difficult to visualise in its early stages using current imaging technology. The present study aimed to clarify the utility of 11C-choline PET for localising and evaluating cancer lesions in patients with prostate cancer by conducting a prospective comparison with magnetic resonance (MR) imaging combined with proton MR spectroscopy.

Methods: PET and MR imaging combined with proton MR spectroscopy were performed in 20 patients with prostate cancer.

Diagnostic use of T2-weighted inversion-recovery magnetic resonance imaging in acute coronary syndromes compared with 99mTc-Pyrophosphate, 123I-BMIPP and 201TlCl single photon emission computed tomography.

Background: The incidence of missed diagnoses of acute cardiac ischemia in the emergency department could be reduced by a new imaging modality. In the present study, the clinical significance of (99m)Tc-pyrophosphate (PYP), (123)I-beta-methyl-p-iodephenyl-pentadecanoic acid (BMIPP), (201)TlCl scintigraphy (imaging) and T2-weighted inversion-recovery magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) for the detection of culprit lesion in patients with acute coronary syndromes (ACS) was compared.

Methods And Results: The study group comprised 18 patients with ACS: 12 patients with acute myocardial infarction (AMI) (11 males; mean age, 63+/-11 years) and 6 patients with unstable angina (UA) (3 males, mean age, 67+/-5 years).

Clinical usefulness of ECG-gated 18F-FDG PET combined with 99mTC-MIBI gated SPECT for evaluating myocardial viability and function.

Objectives: This study sought to evaluate an imaging approach using gated 99mTc-MIBI (MIBI) SPECT and gated 18F-FDG (FDG) PET for assessment of myocardial viability and cardiac function.

Methods: Forty-eight patients (38 men, mean age 68.1 +/- 9.

Value of 18F-FDG PET in the detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Purpose: Peritoneal carcinomatosis can be difficult to diagnose using computed tomography (CT). The purpose of this study was to evaluate the role of 2-(fluorine 18) fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose (FDG) positron emission tomography (PET) in the detection of peritoneal carcinomatosis.

Methods: We reviewed the CT and FDG PET radiological reports and clinical charts of 18 patients with peritoneal carcinomatosis and 17 cancer patients without peritoneal carcinomatosis.