Subfamily evolution analysis using nuclear and chloroplast data from the same reads.

The chloroplast (cp) genome is a widely used tool for exploring plant evolutionary relationships, yet its effectiveness in fully resolving these relationships remains uncertain. Integrating cp genome data with nuclear DNA information offers a more comprehensive view but often requires separate datasets. In response, we employed the same raw read sequencing data to construct cp genome-based trees and nuclear DNA phylogenetic trees using Read2Tree, a cost-efficient method for extracting conserved nuclear gene sequences from raw read data, focusing on the Aurantioideae subfamily, which includes Citrus and its relatives.

Molecular characterization of Satsuma mandarin ( Marc.) VASCULAR PLANT ONE-ZINC FINGER2 (CuVOZ2) interacting with CuFT1 and CuFT3.

Shortening the juvenility is a burning issue in breeding fruit trees such as Satsuma mandarin ( Marc.). Decreasing the breeding period requires a comprehensive understanding of the flowering process in woody plants.

Modified High-Resolution Melting (HRM) Marker Systems Increasing Discriminability Between Homozygous Alleles.

Targeted single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) genotyping, especially for functional nucleotide polymorphism, is widely used for current breeding programs in crops. One of the cost- and time-effective approaches for genotyping is high-resolution melting (HRM) analysis for polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplicons, including target SNP. The reliability of a genotype obtained from an HRM marker depends on the difference in T values between two amplicons.

A new secoiridoid glucoside from .

A new phenolic glucoside (), olerikaside, and other known secoiridoid glucosides [oleuropein (), demethyl oleuropein (), oleoside 11-methyl ester (), oleoside 7, 11-dimethyl ester (), 7-β-D-glucopyranosyl 11-methyl oleoside (), secoxyloganin (), ilicifolioside B (), hydroxytyrosol (), and hydroxytyrosol glucosides ()] were isolated from unprocessed olive fruits of cv. "Lucca". The chemical structure of olerikaside () was clarified based on spectroscopy and chemical analysis data.

RAD-Seq analysis of typical and minor accessions, including Bhutanese varieties.

We analyzed the reduced-representation genome sequences of species by double-digest restriction site-associated DNA sequencing (ddRAD-Seq) using 44 accessions, including typical and minor accessions, such as Bhutanese varieties. The results of this analysis using typical accessions were consistent with previous reports that citron, papeda, pummelo, and mandarin are ancestral species, and that most species are derivatives or hybrids of these four species. varieties often reproduce asexually and heterozygosity is highly conserved within each variety.

Apple FLOWERING LOCUS T proteins interact with transcription factors implicated in cell growth and organ development.

Understanding the flowering process in apple (Malus × domestica Borkh.) is essential for developing methods to shorten the breeding period and regulate fruit yield. It is known that FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) acts as a transmissible floral inducer in the Arabidopsis flowering network system.

Apple S locus region represents a large cluster of related, polymorphic and pollen-specific F-box genes.

Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) of Rosaceae, Solanaceae and Plantaginaceae is controlled by a complex S locus that encodes separate proteins for pistil and pollen specificities, extracellular ribonucleases (S-RNases) and F-box proteins SFB/SLF, respectively. SFB/SLFs of Prunus (subfamily Prunoideae of Rosaceae), Solanaceae and Plantaginaceae are single copy in each S haplotype, while recently identified pollen S candidates SFBBs of subfamily Maloideae of Rosaceae, apple and Japanese pear, are multiple; two and three related SFBBs were isolated from each S haplotype of apple and Japanese pear, respectively. Here, we show that apple (Malus x domestica) SFBBs constitute a gene family that is much larger than initially thought.

Molecular characterization of FLOWERING LOCUS T-like genes of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.).

The two FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT)-like genes of apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.), MdFT1 and MdFT2, have been isolated and characterized. MdFT1 and MdFT2 were mapped, respectively, on distinct linkage groups (LGs) with partial homoeology, LG 12 and LG 4.

Four TFL1/CEN-like genes on distinct linkage groups show different expression patterns to regulate vegetative and reproductive development in apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.).

Recent molecular analyses in several plant species revealed that TERMINAL FLOWER1 (TFL1) and CENTRORADIALIS (CEN) homologs are involved in regulating the flowering time and/or maintaining the inflorescence meristem. In apple (Malusxdomestica Borkh.), four TFL1/CEN-like genes, MdTFL1, MdTFL1a, MdCENa and MdCENb, were found and mapped by a similar position on putatively homoeologous linkage groups.

The FLOWERING LOCUS T/TERMINAL FLOWER 1 family in Lombardy poplar.

Genes in the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) and TERMINAL FLOWER 1 (TFL1) family have been shown to be important in the control of the switch between vegetative and reproductive growth in several plant species. We isolated nine members of the FT/TFL1 family from Lombardy poplar (Populus nigra var. italica Koehne).

Constitutive expression of two apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.) homolog genes of LIKE HETEROCHROMATIN PROTEIN1 affects flowering time and whole-plant growth in transgenic Arabidopsis.

Fruit trees, such as apple (Malus x domestica Borkh.), are woody perennial plants with a long juvenile phase. The biological analysis for the regulation of flowering time provides insights into the reduction of juvenile phase and the acceleration of breeding in fruit trees.

Apple has two orthologues of FLORICAULA/LEAFY involved in flowering.

Two orthologues of FLORICAULA/LEAFY AFL1 and AFL2 (apple FLO/LFY), were isolated from the floral buds of apple trees. Their expression was detected in various tissues and during differentiation of the floral buds. Furthermore, the flowering effectiveness of each gene was assessed with transgenic Arabidopsis.