Clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of infection over a 5-year trend at a university hospital in Japan.

() is known to cause intra-abdominal and anaerobic bloodstream infections. However, clinical insights and information on antimicrobial susceptibility in infections are limited. This study aimed to elucidate the clinical characteristics and antimicrobial susceptibility of infections.

Clinical efficacy and safety assessment of tedizolid using therapeutic drug monitoring.

Thrombocytopenia derived from tedizolid (TZD) has been reported but less frequently than that from linezolid. Only a few reports have investigated the relationship between the efficacy and safety of TZD administration. This study aimed to measure TZD concentration and investigate the relationship between efficacy and safety.

Effects of Adding P2Y12 Inhibitor to Anti-staphylococcal Therapy on Bacterial Clearance in Patients With Staphylococcus aureus Bacteremia.

Background:  () bloodstream infection (SAB) remains a major clinical challenge despite appropriate antimicrobial therapy. Recent studies have suggested the potential benefits of P2Y12 inhibitors in SAB treatment, but controversy persists regarding their optimal use. Moreover, the effects of P2Y12 inhibitors in Japanese patients remain unclear.

Days of Antibiotic Spectrum Coverage (DASC) as a Metric for Evaluating the Impact of Prospective Audit and Feedback (PAF) against Long-Term Broad-Spectrum Antibiotic Use.

The present study aimed to evaluate the impact of prospective audit and feedback (PAF) on the use of inpatient broad-spectrum antibiotics for more than 10 days using days of therapy (DOT) and a novel metric called days of antibiotic spectrum coverage (DASC) to assess whether the antimicrobial spectrum was narrowed. Conducted at Aichi Medical University Hospital in Japan, the study compared a six-month baseline period (April to September 2022) with a six-month intervention period (April to September 2023). The primary outcome measures were changes in DOT/patient and DASC/patient for broad-spectrum antibiotics.

Comparison of incidence of hyponatremia between linezolid and vancomycin in neonates and infants.

A previous study reported that the incidence of hyponatremia after linezolid (LZD) use was higher than that with vancomycin (VCM) use in adults. However, hyponatremia due to LZD in neonates and infants was not investigated. This study aimed to compare the incidence of hyponatremia between LZD and VCM use in neonates and infants.

Epidemiological study of respiratory syncytial virus infection in adults during the pandemic of COVID-19.

Introduction: While respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is one of the most common pathogens in adults admitted to the ICU due to respiratory diseases, no reports regarding the occurrence rate of RSV infections in adults in Japan during the COVID-19 pandemic exist.

Patients And Methods: We conducted this retrospective study to examine the exact occurrence rate of RSV infections in adults. We reviewed all patients (≥18 years) with any respiratory symptoms who received quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using nasopharyngeal samples for respiratory viruses by GeneLEAD at the Aichi Medical University Hospital between November 2022 and November 2023.

Retrospective study to investigate appropriate duration of antibiotic treatment for uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus bacteremia in patients with immunodeficiency.

Background: Since the appropriate antibiotic duration for uncomplicated Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) bacteremia (u-SAB) in an immunocompromised state is still unclear, physicians are likely to extend antibiotic therapy from 2 weeks to 4-6 weeks. To examine the appropriate duration of antibiotic therapy for u-SAB, we performed this study.

Oral on mice endometritis through uterine microbiome and metabolic alternations.

Endometritis occurs frequently in humans and animals, which can negatively affect fertility and cause preterm parturition syndrome. Orally administered , a butyrate-producing gram-positive anaerobe, exhibits anti-inflammatory effects. However, the precise mechanism by which attenuates endometritis remains unclear.

Lung cancer progression alters lung and gut microbiomes and lipid metabolism.

Despite advances in medical technology, lung cancer still has one of the highest mortality rates among all malignancies. Therefore, efforts must be made to understand the precise mechanisms underlying lung cancer development. In this study, we conducted lung and gut microbiome analyses and a comprehensive lipid metabolome analysis of host tissues to assess their correlation.

Derivation of clinical predictive factors (CHIEF) for first recurrent Clostridioides difficile infection.

Background: Current models for predicting Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) recurrence rates have a limited capacity to account for important risk factors. This study developed a clinical prediction rule for CDI recurrence.

Methods: This retrospective cohort study evaluated 209 patients with CDI at a university hospital in Japan.

Real-World Experience of the Comparative Effectiveness and Safety of Combination Therapy with Remdesivir and Monoclonal Antibodies versus Remdesivir Alone for Patients with Mild-to-Moderate COVID-19 and Immunosuppression: A Retrospective Single-Center Study in Aichi, Japan.

The coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic continues to threaten global public health. Remdesivir and monoclonal antibodies have shown promise for COVID-19 treatment of patients who are immunocompromised, including those with cancer, transplant recipients, and those with autoimmune disorder. However, the effectiveness and safety of this combination therapy for patients who are immunosuppressed remain unclear.

Influence of the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 pandemic on infectious disease practice and infection control in Japan: A web questionnaire survey.

Introduction: Infection and mortality rates caused by the coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic were high. However, the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on the clinical burden in medical facilities remains to be clarified in Japan.

Materials And Methods: This study used a questionnaire-based web survey to clarify how the COVID-19 pandemic affected infectious disease practice and infection control.

Efficacy of Bezlotoxumab Against Clostridioides difficile Infection: A Case-Series Study at a University Hospital in Japan and Literature Review.

Background infection (CDI) recurrence is a public health concern as well as a health economic burden. Bezlotoxumab treatment is one way to prevent recurrence; however, its clinical results have not been reported in Japan. Therefore, we investigated the efficacy and safety of bezlotoxumab in patients with CDI at a university hospital in Japan and compared them with previously reported findings.

Mycobiome and Mycobiome-Associated Diseases.

The human body is host to a large number of commensal microbial species such as bacteria, fungi, and viruses. Among these, the human mycobiome is often neglected as a potential cause of disease, as it is thought to be comparatively much less abundant and less diverse than the human bacteriome. Additionally, most fungi are not easily cultured, even in specific media.

A systematic review and meta-analysis of efficacy and safety of isavuconazole for the treatment and prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections.

Background: Isavuconazole is a novel triazole antifungal agent. However, the previous outcomes were highlighted by statistical heterogeneity. This meta-analysis aimed to validate the efficacy and safety of isavuconazole for the treatment and prophylaxis of invasive fungal infections (IFIs) compared with other antifungal agents (amphotericin B, voriconazole and posaconazole).

Prescribed probiotic usage to prevent Clostridioides difficile infection among older patients receiving antibiotics: A retrospective cohort study.

Objectives: Clostridioides difficile infection (CDI) is a leading cause of antimicrobial-associated colitis and is a global clinical concern. Probiotics are considered a CDI-preventive measure; however, highly inconsistent data have been previously reported. Thus, we evaluated the CDI-preventive effect of prescribed probiotics in high-risk older patients receiving antibiotics.

Complicated pyelonephritis caused by Proteus alimentorum in a woman with peritoneal cancer: a case report.

Background: Proteus spp. are widespread in the environment and comprise a part of the normal flora of the human gastrointestinal tract. Only six species in this genus, including Proteus mirabilis, Proteus vulgaris, Proteus terrae, Proteus penneri, Proteus hauseri, and Proteus faecis, have been isolated from human clinical specimens.

Efficacy and safety of recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin in patients with sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation - A meta-analysis.

Background: Recombinant human soluble thrombomodulin (rhTM) is used to treat sepsis-induced disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). However, no consistent clinical guidelines exist regarding the administration of rhTM in patients with sepsis-induced DIC. Therefore, we conducted this meta-analysis to evaluate the efficacy and safety of rhTM therapy in patients with sepsis-induced DIC.