Increased CSN5 expression enhances the sensitivity to lenalidomide in multiple myeloma cells.

Lenalidomide (LEN) is commonly used as an effective therapeutic agent for multiple myeloma (MM). However, in some patients, primary resistance to LEN is observed, the mechanisms of which remain poorly understood. In this study, we combined a LEN sensitivity assay with proteomics data from 15 MM cell lines to identify protein expression profiles associated with primary LEN resistance.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Araneae: Heptathelidae).

(Kishida, 1920) is a spider that belongs to the family Heptathelidae which is a basial lineage of spiders. The molecular information of ancestral species belonging to families like Heptathelidae is comparatively limited when compared to spider species from derived families. Here we present the complete mitochondrial genome sequence (mtDNA) of .

Species identification of livefood flightless fly () through DNA barcoding.

as it is called in Japanese, is a flightless sp. that is sold commercially in Japan. This sp.

Allorecognition behaviors in Myxomycetes respond to intraspecies factors.

Myxomycetes are multinucleate unicellular organisms. They form a Plasmodium that moves by protoplasmic flow and prey on microorganisms. When encountering intraspecifics, the plasmodium has the capacity for 'fusion', actively approaching and fusing its cells, or 'avoidance', altering its direction to avoid the other individual.

Cuticular Hydrocarbon Profiling by Fractionation and GC-MS in Socially Parasitic Ants.

cuticular hydrocarbon (CHC) as a semiochemical for recognizing their nestmates. For socially parasitic ants, deceiving the CHC is an important survival strategy. Profiling and quantifying CHC is a potent approach to understanding such nestmate discrimination behavior.

Composition of Minor Ampullate Silk Makes Its Properties Different from Those of Major Ampullate Silk.

Spider's minor ampullate silk, or MI-silk, exhibits distinct mechanical properties and water resistance compared to its major ampullate counterpart (MA-silk). The principal protein constituent of MI-silk is known as minor ampullate spidroin, or MiSp, and while its sequence has been deciphered and is thought to underlie the differences in properties with MA-silk, the composition of MI-silk and the relationship between its composition and properties remain elusive. In this study, we set out to investigate the mechanical properties, water resistance, and proteome of MA-silk and MI-silk from and .

A Guide to Sequencing for Long Repetitive Regions.

Full-length analysis of genes with highly repetitive sequences is challenging in two respects: assembly algorithm and sequencing accuracy. The de Bruijn graph often used in short-read assembly cannot distinguish adjacent repeat units. On the other hand, the accuracy of long reads is not yet high enough to identify each and every repeat unit.

1000 spider silkomes: Linking sequences to silk physical properties.

Spider silks are among the toughest known materials and thus provide models for renewable, biodegradable, and sustainable biopolymers. However, the entirety of their diversity still remains elusive, and silks that exceed the performance limits of industrial fibers are constantly being found. We obtained transcriptome assemblies from 1098 species of spiders to comprehensively catalog silk gene sequences and measured the mechanical, thermal, structural, and hydration properties of the dragline silks of 446 species.

Initial parasitic behaviour of the temporary social parasitic ant Polyrhachis lamellidens can be induced by host-like cuticles in laboratory environment.

Polyrhachis lamellidens is a temporary social parasitic species. When a newly mated queen encounters a host worker, it opens its jaws and then mounts and rubs the body of the host worker, called rubbing behaviour. This behaviour is different from aggressive behaviour and is considered to be a preparatory action before invasion of the host colony.

Darwin's bark spider shares a spidroin repertoire with but achieves extraordinary silk toughness through gene expression.

Spider silk is a protein-based material whose toughness suggests possible novel applications. A particularly fascinating example of silk toughness is provided by Darwin's bark spider () found in Madagascar. This spider produces extraordinarily tough silk, with an average toughness of 350 MJ m and over 50% extensibility, and can build river-bridging webs with a size of 2.

Transcriptomic data during development of a two-spotted cricket .

The two-spotted cricket is a popular food for reptiles and other insectivorous animals, for the ease of breeding and rich nutrients. It goes through eight moulting cycles until it grows into an adult of size around 30-40 mm, but different larval instars are also used for their sizes matching the fed animals. We therefore provide a transcriptomic resource on different developmental stages of to understand the inner molecular workings of these stages contributing to varying nutrients.

The complete mitochondrial genome of (Araneae: Araneidae).

(Linnaeus, 1767) is known as a golden silk orb-weaver and belongs to the family Araneidae. is one of the few spider species whose genome has been reported and model organism for a molecular biology. Here, we present the complete mitochondrial genome sequence (mtDNA) of .

Multicomponent nature underlies the extraordinary mechanical properties of spider dragline silk.

Dragline silk of golden orb-weaver spiders (Nephilinae) is noted for its unsurpassed toughness, combining extraordinary extensibility and tensile strength, suggesting industrial application as a sustainable biopolymer material. To pinpoint the molecular composition of dragline silk and the roles of its constituents in achieving its mechanical properties, we report a multiomics approach, combining high-quality genome sequencing and assembly, silk gland transcriptomics, and dragline silk proteomics of four Nephilinae spiders. We observed the consistent presence of the MaSp3B spidroin unique to this subfamily as well as several nonspidroin SpiCE proteins.

The balance of crystalline and amorphous regions in the fibroin structure underpins the tensile strength of bagworm silk.

Protein-based materials are considered versatile biomaterials, and their biodegradability is an advantage for sustainable development. Bagworm produces strong silk for use in unique situations throughout its life stages. Rigorous molecular analyses of Eumeta variegata suggested that the particular mechanical properties of its silk are due to the coexistence of poly-A and GA motifs.

Xanthurenic Acid Is the Main Pigment of Gold Dragline Silk.

Spider silk is a natural fiber with remarkable strength, toughness, and elasticity that is attracting attention as a biomaterial of the future. Golden orb-weaving spiders () construct large, strong webs using golden threads. To characterize the pigment of golden dragline silk, we used liquid chromatography and mass spectrometric analysis.

Proteomic evidence for the silk fibroin genes of spider mites (Order Trombidiformes: Family Tetranychidae).

Spider mites are a group of arachnids belonging to Acari (mites and ticks), family Tetranychidae, known to produce nanoscale silk fibers characterized by a high Young's modulus. The silk fibroin gene of spider mites has been computationally predicted through genomic analysis of Tetranychus urticae Koch, but it has yet to be confirmed by proteomic evidence. In this work, we sequenced and assembled the transcriptome from two genera of spider mites, Tetranychus kanzawai Kishida and Panonychus citri (McGregor), and combined it with silk proteomics of T.

Shifts in morphology, gene expression, and selection underlie web loss in Hawaiian Tetragnatha spiders.

Background: A striking aspect of evolution is that it often converges on similar trajectories. Evolutionary convergence can occur in deep time or over short time scales, and is associated with the imposition of similar selective pressures. Repeated convergent events provide a framework to infer the genetic basis of adaptive traits.

Spider silk self-assembly via modular liquid-liquid phase separation and nanofibrillation.

Spider silk fiber rapidly assembles from spidroin protein in soluble state via an incompletely understood mechanism. Here, we present an integrated model for silk formation that incorporates the effects of multiple chemical and physical gradients on the different spidroin functional domains. Central to the process is liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) that occurs in response to multivalent anions such as phosphate, mediated by the carboxyl-terminal and repetitive domains.

Spidroin profiling of cribellate spiders provides insight into the evolution of spider prey capture strategies.

Orb-weaving spiders have two main methods of prey capture: cribellate spiders use dry, sticky capture threads, and ecribellate spiders use viscid glue droplets. Predation behaviour is a major evolutionary driving force, and it is important on spider phylogeny whether the cribellate and ecribellate spiders each evolved the orb architecture independently or both strategies were derived from an ancient orb web. These hypotheses have been discussed based on behavioural and morphological characteristics, with little discussion on this subject from the perspective of molecular materials of orb web, since there is little information about cribellate spider-associated spidroin genes.

Strand-specific Single-stranded DNA Sequencing (4S-seq) of genomes.

Most bacterial genomes have biased nucleotide composition, and the asymmetry is considered to be caused by a single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) deamination arising from the bacterial replication machinery. In order to evaluate the relationship experimentally, the position and frequency of ssDNA formed during replication must be verified clearly. Although many ssDNA detection technologies exist, almost all methods have been developed for eukaryotic genomes.

Orb-weaving spider Araneus ventricosus genome elucidates the spidroin gene catalogue.

Members of the family Araneidae are common orb-weaving spiders, and they produce several types of silks throughout their behaviors and lives, from reproduction to foraging. Egg sac, prey capture thread, or dragline silk possesses characteristic mechanical properties, and its variability makes it a highly attractive material for ecological, evolutional, and industrial fields. However, the complete set of constituents of silks produced by a single species is still unclear, and novel spidroin genes as well as other proteins are still being found.

The bagworm genome reveals a unique fibroin gene that provides high tensile strength.

Arthropod silk is known as a versatile tool, and its variability makes it an attractive biomaterial. is a bagworm moth (Lepidoptera, Psychidae) that uses silk throughout all life stages. Notably, the bagworm-specific uses of silk include larval development in a bag coated with silk and plant materials and the use of silk attachments to hang pupae.

Nanopore sequencing: Review of potential applications in functional genomics.

Molecular biology has been led by various measurement technologies, and increased throughput has developed omics analysis. The development of massively parallel sequencing technology has enabled access to fundamental molecular data and revealed genomic and transcriptomic signatures. Nanopore sequencers have driven such evolution to the next stage.

Anti-tumor effects and potential therapeutic response biomarkers in α-emitting -At-astato-benzylguanidine therapy for malignant pheochromocytoma explored by RNA-sequencing.

Targeted α-particle therapy is a promising option for patients with malignant pheochromocytoma. Recent observations regarding -At-astato-benzylguanidine (At-MABG) in a pheochromocytoma mouse model showed a strong anti-tumor effect, though the molecular mechanism remains elusive. Here, we present the first comprehensive RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) data for pheochromocytoma cells based on At-MABG administration experiments.