Novel gas mixture combined with an auto-transfusion tourniquet enhances cerebral O transport and hemodynamic indices in CPR swine. Part B - A pilot experimental study.

Objectives: The cognitive outcome of CPR is poor. This study aims to evaluate if enhancing blood flow to the brain and oxygen dissociation from the hemoglobin improve cerebral O transport during CPR in cardiac arrest swine.

Methods: Standard swine-CPR model of induced VF and recovery was treated with an auto-transfusion tourniquet (A-TT®; HemaShock® (HS) Oneg HaKarmel Ltd.

Pressure pulsations enhance penetration index in COPD.

This study was done in order to evaluate the effect of a novel pressure pulsation device (Pulsehaler™, Respinova Ltd., Israel) on the deposition pattern of inhaled aerosol in the lungs of COPD patients. Fifteen COPD patients were recruited to undergo spirometry and SPECT-CT lung scan following nebulization of radioactively labeled albuterol in saline solution with a jet nebulizer ("NEB") and with a combined Pulsehaler™/jet nebulizer ("PH + NEB") treatment.

Effect of PEEP on breath sound power spectra in experimental lung injury.

Background: Acute lung injury (ALI) is known to be associated with the emergence of inspiratory crackles and enhanced transmission of artificial sounds from the airway opening to the chest wall. Recently, we described the effect of ALI on the basic flow-induced breath sounds, separated from the crackles. In this study, we investigated the effects of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on these noncrackling basic lung sounds augmented during ALI.

Childhood Pneumonia Screener: a concept.

Childhood pneumonia continues to be the number one cause of death in children under five years of age in developing countries. In addition to mortality, pneumonia constitutes an enormous economic and social burden because late diagnosis is associated with high cost of treatment and often leads to chronic health problems. There are several bottlenecks in developing countries in the case flow of a child with lung infection: 1) recognising the symptoms as a reason to seek care, 2) getting the patient to a first-tier health facility, 3) scarcity of trained healthcare personnel who can diagnose the condition and its severity, 4) access to a second-tier facility in severe cases.

Effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on acoustic wave propagation in experimental porcine lung injury.

To evaluate the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure (PEEP) on sound propagation through injured lungs, we injected a multifrequency broad-band sound signal into the airway of eight anesthetized, intubated and mechanically ventilated pigs, while recording transmitted sound at three locations bilaterally on the chest wall. Oleic acid injections effected a severe pulmonary oedema predominately in the dependent lung regions, with an average increase in venous admixture from 19 ± 15 to 59 ± 14% (P < 0.001), and a reduction in dynamic respiratory system compliance from 34 ± 7 to 14 ± 4 ml cmH2 O(-1) (P < 0.

Changes in breath sound power spectra during experimental oleic acid-induced lung injury in pigs.

To evaluate the effect of acute lung injury on the frequency spectra of breath sounds, we made serial acoustic recordings from nondependent, midlung and dependent regions of both lungs in ten 35- to 45-kg anesthetized, intubated, and mechanically ventilated pigs during development of acute lung injury induced with intravenous oleic acid in prone or supine position. Oleic acid injections rapidly produced severe derangements in the gas exchange and mechanical properties of the lung, with an average increase in venous admixture from 16 ± 12 to 62 ± 16% (P < 0.01), and a reduction in dynamic respiratory system compliance from 25 ± 4 to 14 ± 4 ml/cmH2O (P < 0.

Validation of an ambulatory cough detection and counting application using voluntary cough under different conditions.

Background: While cough is an important defence mechanism of the respiratory system, its chronic presence is bothersome and may indicate the presence of a serious disease. We hereby describe the validation process of a novel cough detection and counting technology (PulmoTrack-CC, KarmelSonix, Haifa, Israel).

Methods: Tracheal and chest wall sounds, ambient sounds and chest motion were digitally recorded, using the PulmoTrack(R) hardware, from healthy volunteers coughing voluntarily while (a) laying supine, (b) sitting, (c) sitting with strong ambient noise, (d) walking, and (e) climbing stairs, a total of 25 minutes per subject.

Children with nocturnal asthma wheeze intermittently during sleep.

Nocturnal asthma indicates poor overall control of asthma and adversely affects the quality of life of the patient. The purpose of the present study was to compare the objective measurement of nocturnal wheeze with clinical state, recall of symptoms, and changes in lung function. Nine asthmatic children aged 9 to 16 years were followed with an asthma diary and diurnal measurement of peak flow for a week before the nocturnal study; all but two were apparently well controlled.

Respiratory modulation of heart sound morphology.

Heart sounds, the acoustic vibrations produced by the mechanical processes of the cardiac cycle, are modulated by respiratory activity. We have used computational techniques of cluster analysis and classification to study the effects of the respiratory phase and the respiratory resistive load on the temporal and morphological properties of the first (S1) and second heart sounds (S2), acquired from 12 healthy volunteers. Heart sounds exhibited strong morphological variability during normal respiration and nearly no variability during apnea.

Effects of diameter, length, and circuit pressure on sound conductance through endotracheal tubes.

We evaluated the acoustic frequency response of endotracheal tubes (ETs) to assess their effect on respiratory system sound transmission studies. White noise 150-3300 Hz was introduced into 4.0-, 6.

Measurements and theory of normal tracheal breath sounds.

We studied the mechanisms by which turbulent flow induces tracheal wall vibrations detected as tracheal breath sounds (TRBSs). The effects of flow rate at transitional Reynold's numbers (1300-10,000) and gas density on spectral patterns of TRBSs in eight normal subjects were measured. TRBSs were recorded with a contact sensor during air and heliox breathing at four flow rates (1.

Response of acoustic transmission to positive airway pressure therapy in experimental lung injury.

Objective: To evaluate the effect of positive end-expiratory pressure on the sound filtering characteristics of injured lungs.

Design And Setting: Prospective experimental study in the animal laboratory in an academic medical center.

Patients And Participants: Six 35- to 45-kg anesthetized, intubated pigs.

Adenosine bronchial provocation with computerized wheeze detection in young infants with prolonged cough: correlation with long-term follow-up.

Background: Chronic cough in babies is often associated with bronchial hyperreactivity (BHR). The objective documentation of BHR in babies is difficult, and acoustic methods have been described (provocative concentration of a substance causing wheeze) for conducting bronchial provocation tests (BPTs). We conducted a study to evaluate automatic computerized wheeze detection (CWD) in determining BHR in young infants with prolonged cough, and its correlation with the subsequent development of wheezing.

Detection of porcine oleic acid-induced acute lung injury using pulmonary acoustics.

To evaluate the utility of monitoring the sound-filtering characteristics of the respiratory system in the assessment of acute lung injury (ALI), we injected a multifrequency broadband sound signal into the airway of five anesthetized, intubated pigs, while recording transmitted sound over the trachea and on the chest wall. Oleic acid injections effected a severe lung injury predominantly in the dependent lung regions, increasing venous admixture from 6 +/- 1 to 54 +/- 8% (P < 0.05) and reducing dynamic respiratory system compliance from 19 +/- 0 to 12 +/- 2 ml/cmH(2)O (P < 0.