Early Choriocapillaris Loss in a Porcine Model of RPE Cell Debridement Precedes Pathology That Simulates Advanced Macular Degeneration.

Purpose: No large-mammal surgical models exist for geographic atrophy (GA), choroidal neovascularization (CNV), and pachychoroidal vascular remodeling. Our goal was to develop a porcine RPE debridement model of advanced macular degeneration to study photoreceptor cell loss and choroidal remodeling.

Methods: Seven 2-month-old female domestic pigs were used for this study.

Diagnostic and Therapeutic Shoulder Arthroscopy Using a Small-Bore Needle Arthroscope.

As resolution and image quality improve, several potential advantages make needle arthroscopy (NA) appealing for broader therapeutic applications in the operating room. Smaller camera size and weight allow for a minimally invasive approach with smaller incisions than standard arthroscopy and decreased use of arthroscopic fluid. Differences in the technology, such as a 0° optic and less rigid instrumentation, necessitate a modified technique to accommodate thorough diagnostic arthroscopy as well as modified approaches to therapeutic procedures.

Targeting Angiopoietin in Retinal Vascular Diseases: A Literature Review and Summary of Clinical Trials Involving Faricimab.

This review summarizes the latest findings in the literature of Angiopoietin-2 (Ang-2), Tyrosine-protein kinase receptor (Tie-2) complex, and faricimab along with their involvement for the treatment of retinal vascular diseases in various clinical trials. In ischemic diseases, such as diabetic retinopathy, Ang-2 is upregulated, deactivating Tie-2, resulting in vascular leakage, pericyte loss, and inflammation. Recombinant Angiopeotin-1 (Ang-1), Ang-2-blocking molecules, and inhibitors of vascular endothelial protein tyrosine phosphatase (VE-PTP) decrease inflammation-associated vascular leakage, showing therapeutic effects in diabetes, atherosclerosis, and ocular neovascular diseases.