Creating anatomically-derived, standardized, customizable, and three-dimensional printable head caps for functional neuroimaging.

Significance: Consistent and accurate probe placement is a crucial step towards enhancing the reproducibility of longitudinal and group-based functional neuroimaging studies. While the selection of headgear is central to these efforts, there does not currently exist a standardized design that can accommodate diverse probe configurations and experimental procedures.

Aim: We aim to provide the community with an open-source software pipeline for conveniently creating low-cost, 3-D printable neuroimaging head caps with anatomically significant landmarks integrated into the structure of the cap.

Folding molecular origami from ribosomal RNA.

Approximately 80 percent of the total RNA in cells is ribosomal RNA (rRNA), making it an abundant and inexpensive natural source of long, single-stranded nucleic acid, which could be used as raw material for the fabrication of molecular origami. In this study, we demonstrate efficient and robust construction of 2D and 3D origami nanostructures utilizing cellular rRNA as a scaffold and DNA oligonucleotide staples. We present calibrated protocols for the robust folding of contiguous shapes from one or two rRNA subunits that are efficient to allow folding using crude extracts of total RNA.

Dysfunctional natural killer cells can be reprogrammed to regain anti-tumor activity.

Natural killer (NK) cells are critical to the innate immune system, as they recognize antigens without prior sensitization, and contribute to the control and clearance of viral infections and cancer. However, a significant proportion of NK cells in mice and humans do not express classical inhibitory receptors during their education process and are rendered naturally "anergic", i.e.

Open Reduction And Internal Fixation of Tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) Fracture Dislocations-Is Arthrodesis Necessary?

Introduction: Controversy remains regarding the optimal management of tarsometatarsal (Lisfranc) fracture dislocations. Open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) and ORIF with primary arthrodesis (PA) have been described in the treatment of these injuries, although adverse sequelae remain problematic. Previous work has yielded small cohorts with heterogenous results.

Biodistribution and function of coupled polymer-DNA origami nanostructures.

Spatial control over the distribution of therapeutics is a highly desired feature, which could limit the side effects of many drugs. Here we describe a nanoscale agent, fabricated from a coupled polymer-DNA origami hybrid that exhibits stability in serum and slow diffusion through tissues, in a manner correlating with shape and aspect ratio. Coupling to fragments of polyethylene glycol (PEG) through polyamine electrostatic interactions resulted in marked stability of the agents in-vivo, with > 90% of the agents maintaining structural integrity 5 days following subcutaneous injection.

Surgeon Learning Curve for the Sinus Tarsi Approach to Intra-articular Calcaneus Fractures - Improvement with Experience.

Objective: To analyze the relationship between surgeon experience with the sinus tarsi approach (STA) and outcomes in the treatment of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures (DIACF).

Setting: Single level 1 trauma center.

Design: Retrospective.

Orthopaedic surgery residents report little subjective or objective familiarity with healthcare costs.

Purpose: Residents have limited education regarding the cost of orthopaedic interventions. Orthopaedic residents' knowledge was surveyed in three scenarios involving an intertrochanteric femur fracture: 1) uncomplicated course with 2-day hospital stay; 2) complicated course necessitating ICU admission; and 3) readmission for pulmonary embolism management.

Methods: From 2018 to 2020, 69 orthopaedic surgery residents were surveyed.

Outcomes of Geriatric Periprosthetic Distal Femur Fractures: Comparison of Fixation Versus Reconstruction.

Objective: Comparing outcomes of periprosthetic distal femur fractures treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF) versus distal femoral replacement (DFR).

Setting: Three major academic hospitals within one metropolitan area.

Design: Retrospective.

Fixation of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures is safe using either sinus tarsi or extensile lateral approach.

Introduction: Management of displaced intra-articular calcaneus fractures continues to challenge surgeons. Use of the extensile lateral surgical approach (ELA) had been standard practice however wound necrosis and infection have become deterrents. The sinus tarsi approach (STA) has gained popularity as a less invasive technique to optimize articular reduction while minimizing soft tissue injury.

Use of Anatomic Radiographic Horizons for the Lateral Center-Edge Angle in the Classification of Hip Dysplasia.

Background: The lateral center-edge angle of Wiberg (LCEA) and Tönnis angle (TA) rely on a "horizon" that functions as a reference point for measurements of hip dysplasia on weightbearing anteroposterior pelvis radiographs. There are 3 different horizons that are currently utilized depending on surgeon preference: (1) a line parallel to the radiographic floor (F), (2) a line that connects the inferior portions of the acetabular teardrops (ATs), or (3) a line that connects the ischial tuberosities (ITs). It is imperative to accurately assess the degree of hip dysplasia on initial workup to select the appropriate surgical intervention.

Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures: What Predicts Infection?

Objectives: The purpose of this study was to identify the patient, injury, and treatment factors associated with infection of bicondylar plateau fractures and to evaluate whether center variation exists.

Design: Retrospective review.

Setting: Eighteen academic trauma centers.

Inhibition of SHP-1 activity by PKC-θ regulates NK cell activation threshold and cytotoxicity.

Natural killer (NK) cells play a crucial role in immunity, killing virally infected and cancerous cells. The balance of signals initiated upon engagement of activating and inhibitory NK receptors with cognate ligands determines killing or tolerance. Nevertheless, the molecular mechanisms regulating rapid NK cell discrimination between healthy and malignant cells in a heterogeneous tissue environment are incompletely understood.

Weight-bearing status may influence rates of radiographic healing following reamed, intramedullary fixation of diaphyseal femur fractures.

Objective: To investigate the effect of weight-bearing status on radiographic healing of diaphyseal femur fractures.

Design: Retrospective 1:1 matched cohort study.

Setting: Single-level 1 trauma center.

"Did You Think You Would Die?": Fear of Death and Its Relationship to the Development of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder After Traumatic Injury.

Introduction: Patient-specific factors may influence posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) development and warrant further examination. This study investigates potential association between patient-reported fear of death at the time of injury and development of PTSD.

Methods: Over 35 months, 250 patients were screened for PTSD at their first posthospitalization clinic visit and were asked "Did you think you were going to die from this injury?" (yes or no).

Targeting the actin nucleation promoting factor WASp provides a therapeutic approach for hematopoietic malignancies.

Cancer cells depend on actin cytoskeleton rearrangement to carry out hallmark malignant functions including activation, proliferation, migration and invasiveness. Wiskott-Aldrich Syndrome protein (WASp) is an actin nucleation-promoting factor and is a key regulator of actin polymerization in hematopoietic cells. The involvement of WASp in malignancies is incompletely understood.

Acute Fixation of Displaced Intra-articular Calcaneus Fractures Is Safe Using the Sinus Tarsi Approach.

Objective: To analyze the correlation between surgical timing and outcomes for calcaneus fractures treated using a sinus tarsi approach (STA).

Setting: Single Level-1 trauma center.

Design: Retrospective.

Compartment syndrome following use of tissue plasminogen activator for frostbite in the setting of concomitant diaphyseal tibia fracture.

Background: Tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) is a thrombolytic agent increasingly being employed for the treatment of acute frostbite. Although tPA has been shown with success to increase digit salvage rates, data on potential complications, including risk of hemorrhage, is limited. As a result, acute trauma is considered a contraindication to use in many institution-based protocols.

Risk Factors for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in Acute Trauma Patients.

Objective: To identify risk factors for posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) after traumatic injury.

Setting: Single urban Level I trauma center.

Design: Prospective.

Combined Surgical Approach to Young Adults with Hip Dysplasia and Concomitant Intra-Articular Pathology Using Intra-Abdominal Monitoring.

Background: Combined hip arthroscopy and periacetabular osteotomy (PAO) allows for treatment of intra-articular hip pathology with simultaneous correction of acetabular version and femoral head coverage in patients with symptomatic hip dysplasia. Currently, scant data is available to surgeons regarding optimal technique, sequence of repair, perioperative management, and the use of intra-abdominal monitoring in patients undergoing these combined procedures. The purpose of this study is to describe a two-surgeon, muscle-sparing, approach for sequential hip arthroscopy and PAO for the treatment of adults with acetabular dysplasia and concomitant intra-articular hip pathology.

Evaluation of International Normalized Ratio Thresholds for Complications in Hip Fractures Treated With Intramedullary Nailing: Analysis of 15,323 Cases.

Introduction: In hip fracture patients with elevated international normalized ratios (INRs), the risks of delaying surgery for correction of INR are controversial. We examined the association of (1) preoperative INR values and (2) surgical delay with postoperative complications after intramedullary nailing of hip fractures.

Methods: Using the National Surgical Quality Improvement Program database, we retrospectively identified patients that underwent intramedullary nailing for hip fractures from 2005 to 2016.

Factors influencing functional outcomes following open reduction internal fixation of acetabular fractures.

Introduction: Recent large series of patient-reported outcomes after acetabulum fracture are limited, and potentially modifiable risk factors may be unidentified. The goal of this study was to describe patient and injury factors which negatively influence functional outcomes following operative management of acetabular fractures.

Methods: 699 patients with acetabular fractures were treated with open reduction and internal fixation (ORIF).

Five-year Trends in Opioid Prescribing Following Orthopaedic Trauma.

Introduction: Legislatures across the country are passing new opioid prescribing laws. To understand the effects of this legislation, baseline autonomous shifts in physician opioid prescribing must be evaluated.

Methods: The purpose of this retrospective dual cohort comparison study was to evaluate 5-year opioid prescribing trends in orthopaedic trauma patients.

Acetabular Fracture Around a Birmingham Hip Resurfacing Prosthesis: A Case Report.

Case: A traumatic displaced transverse periprosthetic acetabular fracture around a well-functioning Birmingham hip resurfacing prosthesis was treated with open reduction and internal fixation. The acetabular component was found to be well-fixed intraoperatively and did not require revision. The patient recovered with excellent clinical and radiographic results at the 1-year follow-up with a Harris Hip Score of 94.

Lymphocyte mechanotransduction: The regulatory role of cytoskeletal dynamics in signaling cascades and effector functions.

The process of mechanotransduction, that is, conversion of physical forces into biochemical signaling cascades, has attracted interest as a potential mechanism for regulating immune cell activation. The cytoskeleton serves a critical role in a variety of lymphocyte functions, from cellular activation, proliferation, adhesion, and migration, to creation of stable immune synapses, and execution of functions such as directed cytotoxicity. Though traditionally considered a scaffold that enables formation of signaling complexes that maintain stable immune synapses, the cytoskeleton was additionally shown to play a dynamic role in lymphocyte signaling cascades by sensing physical cues such as substrate rigidity, and transducing these mechanical features into chemical signals that ultimately influence lymphocyte effector functions.