Niacinamide Antimicrobial Efficacy and Its Mode of Action via Microbial Cell Cycle Arrest.

Niacinamide is a versatile compound widely used in the personal care industry for its ample skin benefits. As a precursor to nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), essential for ATP production and a substrate for poly-ADP-ribose polymerase-1 (PARP-1), studies have highlighted its roles in DNA repair, cellular stress mechanisms, and anti-aging benefits. Niacinamide was also studied for its antimicrobial activity, particularly in the context of host-infection via host immune response, yet its direct antimicrobial activity and the mechanisms of action remain unclear.

Corrigendum: Patterns of within-host spread of between vagina, endocervix and rectum revealed by comparative genomic analysis.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.

Patterns of within-host spread of between vagina, endocervix and rectum revealed by comparative genomic analysis.

Introduction: , a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, commonly causes sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Little is known about transmission within the host, which is important for understanding disease epidemiology and progression.

Methods: We used RNA-bait enrichment and whole-genome sequencing to compare rectal, vaginal and endocervical samples collected at the same time from 26 study participants who attended Fijian Ministry of Health and Medical Services clinics and tested positive for at each anatomic site.

Patterns of within-host spread of between vagina, endocervix and rectum revealed by comparative genomic analysis.

Unlabelled: , a gram-negative obligate intracellular bacterium, commonly causes sexually transmitted infections (STIs). Little is known about transmission within the host, which is important for understanding disease epidemiology and progression. We used RNA-bait enrichment and whole-genome sequencing to compare rectal, vaginal and endocervical samples collected at the same time from 26 study participants who attended Fijian Ministry of Health and Medical Services clinics and tested positive for at each anatomic site.

Whole-Genome Enrichment and Sequencing of Chlamydia trachomatis Directly from Patient Clinical Vaginal and Rectal Swabs.

, an obligately intracellular bacterium, is the most prevalent cause of bacterial sexually transmitted infections (STIs) worldwide. Numbers of U.S.

Clinical Persistence of Chlamydia trachomatis Sexually Transmitted Strains Involves Novel Mutations in the Functional αββα Tetramer of the Tryptophan Synthase Operon.

Clinical persistence of () sexually transmitted infections (STIs) is a major public health concern. persistence is known to develop through interferon gamma (IFN-γ) induction of indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (IDO), which catabolizes tryptophan, an essential amino acid for replication. The organism can recover from persistence by synthesizing tryptophan from indole, a substrate for the enzyme tryptophan synthase.

High expression of IDO1 and TGF-β1 during recurrence and post infection clearance with Chlamydia trachomatis, are independent of host IFN-γ response.

Background: Chlamydia trachomatis infections in women continue to be a major public health concern due to their high prevalence and consequent reproductive morbidities. While antibiotics are usually efficient to clear the Chlamydia, repeat infections are common and may contribute to pathological outcomes. Interferon-gamma (IFN-γ)-mediated immunity has been suggested to be protective against reinfection, and represent an important anti-chlamydial agent, primarily via the induction of indoleamine-2,3 dioxygenase 1 (IDO1) enzyme.

Dysbiosis of the Vaginal Microbiota and Higher Vaginal Kynurenine/Tryptophan Ratio Reveals an Association with Genital Infections.

The natural course of urogenital tract infections varies between individuals. While protective immunity can occur, some women can become reinfected, contributing to the development of severe pathology. While the reasons for these differences are unknown, an individual's response to induced interferon-γ (IFN-γ) is suggested to be critical.

Systemic antibody response to infection in patients either infected or reinfected with different serovars.

Introduction: Chlamydia trachomatis is the etiological agent for the most prevalent bacterial sexually transmitted infection in both developed and developing countries. The aim of present study was to characterize the antibody response between two groups of individuals, having either a single C. trachomatis infection and or repeated infections.

In vitro rescue of genital strains of Chlamydia trachomatis from interferon-γ and tryptophan depletion with indole-positive, but not indole-negative Prevotella spp.

Background: The natural course of sexually transmitted infections caused by Chlamydia trachomatis varies between individuals. In addition to parasite and host effects, the vaginal microbiota might play a key role in the outcome of C. trachomatis infections.

Chlamydia trachomatis Genital Tract Infections: When Host Immune Response and the Microbiome Collide.

Genital infections with Chlamydia trachomatis continue to be a major health problem worldwide. While some individuals clear their infection (presumed to be the result of an effective Th1/interferon-γ response), others develop chronic infections and some are prone to repeat infections. In females in particular, chronic asymptomatic infections are common and can lead to pelvic inflammatory disease and infertility.

An O-methyltransferase modifies accumulation of methylated anthocyanins in seedlings of tomato.

Anthocyanins contribute to the appearance of fruit by conferring to them a red, blue or purple colour. In a food context, they have also been suggested to promote consumer health. In purple tomato tissues, such as hypocotyls, stems and purple fruits, various anthocyanins accumulate.