Neonatal outcomes between trial of labor and cesarean delivery for extreme preterm infants.

Objective: To compare adverse neonatal outcomes between trial of vaginal delivery and upfront cesarean delivery for singleton infants born at 24 to 28 weeks of gestation.

Methods: This is a retrospective cohort study that was conducted at a university-affiliated tertiary medical center between 2011 and 2022, involving singleton pregnancies delivered between 24 and 27 weeks of gestation. Participants were divided into two groups based on their intended mode of delivery: a trial of labor (TOL) group and an upfront cesarean delivery (CD) group.