Aquo-ethanolic extract of Lilii Bulbus attenuates dexamethasone-induced muscle loss and enhances muscle strength in experimental mice.

Traditionally, Lilium lancifolium bulb is known for its ability to nourish yin, nourish the lungs, clear the heart, soothe coughs, reduce irritability, and calm the mind. In Oriental Medicine, it is categorized as a tonic remedy for alleviating symptoms of fatigue and enhancing the strength of bones and muscles. In this study, we aimed to validate the effectiveness of the aquo-ethanolic extract of Lilli Bulbus (LBE) in a dexamethasone (DEX)-induced muscle atrophy model, both in vitro and in vivo, and elucidate its mechanism of action through muscle transcriptome analysis.

Chemical Analysis of SU-Eohyeol Pharmacopuncture and Its Biological Activities.

Pharmacopuncture (PA) is widely used in traditional Korean medicine to treat various diseases, including abdominal obesity, nervous system diseases, and musculoskeletal disorders. In the present study, we attempted to identify the chemical components of SU-Eohyeol PA (SUEHP), comprising extracts of eight medicinal herbs and Cervi Parvum Cornu, using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and evaluated the anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities of SUEHP. Volatile components of SUEHP were identified by GC-MS analysis of the n-hexane, dichloromethane (DCM), and distilled water-acetonitrile (DW-CAN) solvent fractions.

The HPLC-PDA Method for Simultaneous Determination of Regalosides from Bulbs of Thunb. and Their Antioxidant Effects.

Thunb. is a herbal medicine that is widely used to treat inflammation and lung diseases. In this study, a simultaneous quantitative method was developed for the quality control of BLL using high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with a photodiode array detector (HPLC-PDA), and their antioxidant effects were evaluated.

KORE-Map 1.0: Korean medicine Omics Resource Extension Map on transcriptome data of tonifying herbal medicine.

Traditional herbal medicine, rooted in a long history of use in East Asia, combines several herbs to create treatments showing high efficacy with minimal side effects, for specific diseases. Such combination therapies represent a potential reservoir of new drugs for treating multifactorial and incurable chronic diseases. However, the complexity of their mechanisms of action due to the combination of multiple compounds, has limited their research integration into modern pharmacological science.

Biological network comparison identifies a novel synergistic mechanism of Ginseng Radix-Astragali Radix herb pair in cancer-related fatigue.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Ginseng Radix and Astragali Radix are commonly combined to tonify Qi and alleviate fatigue. Previous studies have employed biological networks to investigate the mechanisms of herb pairs in treating different diseases. However, these studies have only elucidated a single network for each herb pair, without emphasizing the superiority of the herb combination over individual herbs.

Effect of Terpenes: Verifying Modes of Action Using Molecular Docking, Drug-Induced Transcriptomes, and Diffusion Network Analyses.

We characterized the therapeutic biological modes of action of several terpenes in F.A Wolf (PC) and proposed a broad therapeutic mode of action for PC. Molecular docking and drug-induced transcriptome analysis were performed to confirm the pharmacological mechanism of PC terpene, and a new analysis method, namely diffusion network analysis, was proposed to verify the mechanism of action against Alzheimer's disease.

Jakyak-gamcho-tang, a decoction of Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, ameliorates dexamethasone-induced muscle atrophy and muscle dysfunction.

Background: Although chronic treatment with glucocorticoids, such as dexamethasone, is frequently associated with muscle atrophy, effective and safe therapeutics for treating muscle atrophy remain elusive. Jakyak-gamcho-tang (JGT), a decoction of Paeoniae Radix and Glycyrrhizae Radix et Rhizoma, has long been used to relieve muscle tension and control muscle cramp-related pain. However, the effects of JGT on glucocorticoid-induced muscle atrophy are yet to be comprehensively clarified.

Ginsenoside Rc, an Active Component of , Alleviates Oxidative Stress-Induced Muscle Atrophy via Improvement of Mitochondrial Biogenesis.

Loss of skeletal muscle mass and function has detrimental effects on quality of life, morbidity, and mortality, and is particularly relevant in aging societies. The enhancement of mitochondrial function has shown promise in promoting muscle differentiation and function. Ginsenoside Rc (gRc), a major component of ginseng, has various pharmacological activities; however, its effect on muscle loss remains poorly explored.

Systematic transcriptome analysis reveals molecular mechanisms and indications of bupleuri radix.

Pharmacogenomic analysis based on drug transcriptomic signatures is widely used to identify mechanisms of action and pharmacological indications. Despite accumulating reports on the efficacy of medicinal herbs, related transcriptome-level analyses are lacking. The aim of the present study was to elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms of action of Bupleuri Radix (BR), a widely used herbal medicine, through a systematic transcriptomic analysis.

Identification of a novel anticancer mechanism of Paeoniae Radix extracts based on systematic transcriptome analysis.

Paeoniae Radix (PR) has a great therapeutic value in many clinical applications; however, the presence of various bioactive compounds and its complicated effects on human health makes its precise mechanisms of action unclear. This study investigated the effects of PR at the molecular pathway level by profiling genome-wide gene expression changes following dose-dependent treatment of human lung cancer cells (A549) with PR water extract (WPR), PR ethanol extracts (EPR), as well as their individual components. We found that PR exerts anticancer effects in A549 cells by regulating numerous pathways.

Antidepressant and Anxiolytic-Like Effects of the Stem Bark Extract of Hance and Its Components in a Mouse Model of Depressive-Like Disorder Induced by Reserpine Administration.

There is an urgent need to find antidepressants that can be administered for long periods without inducing severe side effects to replace conventional antidepressants that control monoamine levels, such as tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs), monoamine oxidase inhibitors (MAOIs), and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRI). We sought to determine the antidepressant effects of Hance ( Hance, FX) and its components on a reserpine-induced mouse model. One hour after oral administration of FX (30, 50, and 100 mg/kg), esculin (50 mg/kg), esculetin (50 mg/kg), fraxin (50 mg/kg), and fluoxetine (20 mg/kg), reserpine was delivered intraperitoneally to mice.

Antidepressant and Anti-Neuroinflammatory Effects of Bangpungtongsung-San.

Bangpungtongsung-san (BTS) is a traditional Korean medicine consisting of 18 herbs, some which have antidepressant effects. Here, we used an animal model of reserpine-induced depression and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated BV2 microglia to assess the antidepressant and anti-neuroinflammatory effects of BTS. Aside from a control group, C57BL/6 mice were administered reserpine (0.

Toxicological assessments of an ethanol extract complex of Descurainia sophia and Peucedanum praeruptorum: Subacute oral toxicity and genotoxicity studies.

An ethanol extract complex of Descurainia sophia seeds and Peucedanum praeruptorum roots, called BP10A, has antitumor potential against colorectal cancer. In the present study, we evaluated the 28-day oral toxicity and the genotoxicity of BP10A. The subacute toxicity test was done through oral administration to mice.

Ameliorative effects of aqueous extract of Forsythiae suspensa fruits on oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.

Background: The dried fruits of Forsythia suspensa has generally been used to clear heat and detoxify in traditional Korean and Chinese medicine. Oxaliplatin is a first-line treatment chemotherapeutic agent for advanced colorectal cancer, but it induces peripheral neuropathy as an adverse side effect affecting the treatment regimen and the patient's quality of life. The present study was conducted to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of an aqueous extract of F.

Aqueous extract of Forsythia viridissima fruits: Acute oral toxicity and genotoxicity studies.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Forsythia viridissima fruit, one of Forsythiae Fructus (FF) is widely used in traditional medicine to treat diverse diseases-related clinical symptoms, including fever, pain, vomiting, nausea, and abscess. However, the safety of FF has not been fully assessed.

Aim Of The Study: In this study, we evaluated the acute oral toxicity and genotoxic potential of an aqueous extract of Forsythia viridissima fruits (EFVF).

Effect of the Phragmitis Rhizoma Aqueous Extract on the Pharmacokinetics of Docetaxel in Rats.

Background: Traditionally, Phragmitis rhizoma has been prescribed to relive a fever, vomiting, dysuria, and constipation, and to promote secretion of fluids. In addition, recent studies have reported its efficacy as a diuretic and antiemetic. Our previous study demonstrated that the Phragmitis rhizoma aqueous extract (EPR) ameliorates docetaxel (DTX)-induced myelotoxicity.

Genotoxicity evaluation of a Phragmitis rhizoma extract using a standard battery of in vitro and in vivo assays.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: A rhizome of Phragmites communis Trinius has been used in traditional medicine to remove a heat, relieve vomiting and fever, nourish body fluids, and treat diseases like cancers. However, the safety of Phragmitis rhizoma has not yet been fully assessed.

Aim Of The Study: The present study evaluated the genotoxicity of an aqueous extract of Phragmitis rhizoma (AEPR).

A new herbal formula BP10A exerted an antitumor effect and enhanced anticancer effect of irinotecan and oxaliplatin in the colon cancer PDTX model.

BP10A is a novel two-herb medicine formula, consisting of Descurainiae sophia Semen and Peucedani praeruptorum Radix. This study was done to evaluate the antitumor efficacy of BP10A and its effect on the efficacy of the anticancer drugs oxaliplatin and irinotecan (CPT-11) in a colon tumor xenograft model. Chemical constituents from the ethanol extracts of BP10A were characterized with the ultra-performance liquid chromatography (UPLC) and each constituent was quantified with the UPLC-diode array detector method.

Neuroprotective Effects of an Aqueous Extract of and Its Major Constituents on Oxaliplatin-Induced Peripheral Neuropathy.

The dried fruits of have been prescribed to relive fever, pain, vomiting, and nausea in traditional medicine. Oxaliplatin (LOHP) is used to treat advanced colorectal cancer; however, it frequently induces peripheral neuropathies. This study was done to evaluate the neuroprotective effects of an aqueous extract of fruits (EFVF) and its major constituents.

Sub-chronic oral toxicity of the aqueous extract of lithospermi radix in Fischer 344 rats.

Ethnopharmacological Relevance: Lithospermi radix has been prescribed in traditional folk medicine to treat diverse diseases like cancer.

Aim Of The Study: The present study assessed the sub-chronic oral toxicity of an aqueous extract of lithospermi radix (WLR) in Fischer 344 rats over a period of 13 weeks.

Materials And Methods: The chemical compositions of WLR were analyzed using ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC).

Aqueous extract of Phragmitis rhizoma ameliorates myelotoxicity of docetaxel in vitro and in vivo.

Background: A variety of anticancer chemotherapeutics induce adverse side effects including myelotoxicity. Dried roots of Phragmites communis Trinius, Phragmitis rhizoma, have been clinically used in traditional folk medicine to relieve various symptoms like fever. In this study, we evaluated the protective effect of the aqueous extract of Phragmitis rhizoma (EPR) against docetaxel-induced myelotoxicity in vitro and in vivo.

Aqueous extract of Lithospermi radix attenuates oxaliplatin-induced neurotoxicity in both in vitro and in vivo models.

Background: Oxaliplatin can induce peripheral neuropathy (OXIPN) as an adverse side effect in cancer patients. Until now, no effective preventive or therapeutic drug has been developed; therefore, the dose-limiting factor of OXIPN is still an obstacle in the use of oxaliplatin to treat cancer patients. In the present study, we report for the first time that the aqueous extract of Lithospermi radix (WLR) can attenuate the OXIPN in both in vitro and in vivo neuropathic models.

Coniferaldehyde inhibits LPS-induced apoptosis through the PKC α/β II/Nrf-2/HO-1 dependent pathway in RAW264.7 macrophage cells.

Coniferaldehyde (CA) exerts anti-inflammatory properties by inducing heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1). To define the regulation mechanism by which CA induces a cytoprotective function and HO-1 expression, the up-stream regulations involved in the activation of nuclear transcription factor-erythroid 2-related factor (Nrf)-2/HO-1 pathway were investigated. CA dramatically increased the Nrf-2 nuclear translocation and HO-1 expression.

Ethanolic extract of Descurainia sophia seeds sensitizes A549 human lung cancer cells to TRAIL cytotoxicity by upregulating death receptors.

Background: Our previous genome-wide gene expression analysis revealed that tumor necrosis factor-related apoptosis-inducing ligand (TRAIL) death receptors 4 (DR4) and 5 (DR5) are markedly upregulated by the ethanolic extract of D. sohia seeds (EEDS) in A549 TRAIL-refractory cancer cells. In the present study, we investigated whether the EEDS-mediated upregulation of TRAIL death receptors was associated with increased TRAIL-mediated toxicity in A549 cells in vitro.

Effect of an ethanol extract of Descurainia sophia seeds on Phase I and II drug metabolizing enzymes and P-glycoprotein activity in vitro.

Background: Descurainia sophia seeds have a variety of pharmacological functions and been widely used in traditional folk medicine. However, their effects on human drug metabolizing enzyme (DME) activities have not been elucidated. The present study investigated the inhibitory effects of an ethanol extract of D.