Real-Time Monitoring Platform for Ocular Drug Delivery.

Real-time measurement is important in modern dissolution testing to aid in parallel drug characterisation and quality control (QC). The development of a real-time monitoring platform (microfluidic system, a novel eye movement platform with temperature sensors and accelerometers and a concentration probe setup) in conjunction with an in vitro model of the human eye (PK-Eye™) is reported. The importance of surface membrane permeability when modelling the PK-Eye™ was determined with a "pursing model" (a simplified setup of the hyaloid membrane).

Effects of Flow Hydrodynamics and Eye Movements on Intraocular Drug Clearance.

New in vitro prototypes (PK-Eye™) were tested with and without eye movement to understand diffusion and convection effects on intraocular clearance. Port placement in front ((i) ciliary inflow model) and behind the model lens ((ii) posterior inflow model) was used to study bevacizumab (1.25 mg/50 µL) and dexamethasone (0.

Injectables and Depots to Prolong Drug Action of Proteins and Peptides.

Proteins and peptides have emerged in recent years to treat a wide range of multifaceted diseases such as cancer, diabetes and inflammation. The emergence of polypeptides has yielded advancements in the fields of biopharmaceutical production and formulation. Polypeptides often display poor pharmacokinetics, limited permeability across biological barriers, suboptimal biodistribution, and some proclivity for immunogenicity.

Preclinical challenges for developing long acting intravitreal medicines.

The majority of blinding conditions arise due to chronic pathologies in the retina. During the last two decades, antibody-based medicines administered by intravitreal injection directly into the back of the eye have revolutionised the treatment of chronic retinal diseases characterised by uncontrolled blood vessel growth, e.g.

Hydrodynamics of Intravitreal Injections into Liquid Vitreous Substitutes.

Intravitreal injections have become the cornerstone of retinal care and one of the most commonly performed procedures across all medical specialties. The impact of hydrodynamic forces of intravitreal solutions when injected into vitreous or vitreous substitutes has not been well described. While computational models do exist, they tend to underestimate the starting surface area of an injected bolus of a drug.