Anaplastic Rhabdomyosarcoma of Upper Lip in a 3-Year-Old Girl.

Rhabdomyosarcoma is an aggressive malignant striated muscle neoplasm commonly seen in children involving orbit, paranasal sinuses, cheek, tongue, and rarely upper lip. The anaplastic subtype is further rare and associated with poor prognosis. Herein, we report a 3-year-old female with this uncommon variant at an uncommon site.

Newer Insights into Prostatic Utricle in Proximal Hypospadias.

Introduction: Prostatic utricles (PUs) are the remnants of Mullerian ducts found in the male posterior urethra. Enlarged symptomatic utricles are known to be associated with hypospadias. There is a dearth of literature defining an enlarged utricle and also its clinical significance.

Gastrointestinal mucormycosis in the pediatric age group: an evolving disease.

Background: Mucormycosis is a devastating opportunistic fungal infection resulting in significant mortality, especially in pediatric patients with predisposing risk factors.

Materials & Methods: Biopsies and surgical specimens reported and proven as Mucormycosis in children under 12 years of age were retrieved from the records for three years (January 2018 to January 2021). Complete data, predisposing factors, treatment, and clinical outcome were recorded.

Correlation of the Position of the Anal Dimple with the Caudal Termination of the Striated Muscle Complex in Patients with Anorectal Malformations.

Background: In children with anorectal malformations (ARM), the vertical fibres of the striated muscle complex (SMC) are believed to be located within the limits of the anal dimple (AD).

Methods: Forty five cases of ARM underwent posterior sagittal anorectoplasty (PSARP), median age 8.5 months.

Catheter test: A reliable alternative to assess adequacy of bladder management in patients of PUV in developing countries.

Introduction: Following posterior urethral valve ablation, persisting bladder dysfunction can lead to lack of improvement or worsening of hydronephrosis and as well, to lack of improvement or even worsening renal function. On the other hand, managing bladder dysfunction offers the possibility of lessening both the degree of hydronephrosis and the level of serum creatinine. As we have no available urodynamics we feel impelled to find other means of diagnosing and managing abnormal bladder dynamics in these boys.

Laparoscopic Surgery in Pediatric Upper Tract Urolithiasis: An Alternate Modality.

Introduction: Incidence of pediatric urolithiasis has increased over the last few decades. Procedures such as extracorporeal short wave lithotripsy, percutaneous nephrolithotripsy, and ureterorenoscopic lithotripsy are not widely available for pediatric age group in many developing countries. It is desirable that advantages of minimally invasive surgery be offered to selected cases with urolithiasis.

Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma of duodenum in a neonate.

Kaposiform haemangioendothelioma, an endothelial borderline tumour, is typically seen in childhood involving extremities. It has been closely associated with a consumptive coagulopathy state, Kasabach-Merritt phenomenon (KMP). Extracutaneous involvement is uncommon.

Gastrointestinal Mucormycosis in a two-year-old child: A clinical and radiological enigma.

Mucormycosis is a rare, fatal angioinvasive infection occurring in immunocompromised individuals. Gastrointestinal mucormycosis is rare variety with high mortality rate. We present a case of GI mucormycosis in a 2-year-old male child who presented with abdominal mass with no underlying risk factors.

Prediction of Gap Length by Plain Radiograph of Chest with Nasogastric Tube in the Upper Esophagus in Patients with Esophageal Atresia and Distal Tracheoesophageal Fistula.

Aim: This study was aimed at prediction of the gap length between the two esophageal ends in cases of esophageal atresia and distal tracheoesophageal fistula (EA-TEF) by preoperative radiography with a nasogastric tube in the upper esophagus and its correlation with intraoperatively measured gap length.

Materials And Methods: All consecutive cases of EA-TEF were prospectively included in this study. Plain radiographs were taken with an 8 Fr nasogastric tube inserted in the upper esophageal pouch till its arrest.

Radiologic Evaluation of Uterovaginal Abnormalities in Girls with Congenital Pouch Colon.

Background/purpose: The radiologic investigations of 25 girls with congenital pouch colon (CPC), managed over 17 years, were retrospectively reviewed. In 13 girls who form the study group, the investigations provided information about the anomalous uterovaginal (UV) anatomy and these findings were studied.

Materials And Methods: Age at presentation was 2 months to 10 years.

Anorectal Agenesis with Rectovaginal Fistula: A Rare/Regional Variant.

Aims And Objectives: The anatomical types of female anorectal malformation (ARM) are complex and include several rare and regional variants. The aim of this report is to highlight the diagnosis and management of cases of anorectal agenesis with rectovaginal fistula (RVF).

Materials And Methods: This is a retrospective chart review of cases of RVF who underwent definitive surgery between November 2000 and September 2016 in a single institution.

Congenital Pouch Colon.

Congenital pouch colon (CPC) is an unusual abnormality in which a pouch-like dilatation of a shortened colon is associated with an anorectal malformation. It is categorized into four subtypes (Types I-IV) based on the length of normal colon proximal to the colonic pouch. In males, the pouch usually terminates in a colovesical fistula just proximal to the bladder neck.

Role of nasogastric tube in children undergoing elective distal bowel surgery.

Background: Nasogastric tubes are being routinely used in children and adults undergoing elective abdominal surgery without much scientific evidence supporting their true usefulness. The aim of our study was to assess the role of nasogastric tube in children undergoing elective distal bowel surgery.

Materials And Methods: All pediatric patients undergoing elective distal bowel surgery were enrolled and randomized into two groups: those with nasogastric tube (NG group) or without nasogastric tube (NNG group).

Protocol-based management of 154 cases of pediatric liver abscess.

Aim: Although liver abscess (LA) is prevalent worldwide, especially in developing countries, there is a paucity of data regarding the protocol for management of LA in children. The aim of this study was to analyze the outcome of a protocol-based management of pediatric LA from a single institution.

Materials And Methods: This prospective observational study was conducted in a tertiary-care children's hospital and included all patients with LA managed over a 5-year period.

Ruptured Liver Abscess in Neonates: Report of Two Cases.

Neonatal hepatic abscess is a rare disease seen mainly in preterm following umbilical catheterisation. Liver abscess in term neonates without any predisposing factor is still rarer and only few cases have been reported in the literature. Here we report two cases of liver abscess in term neonates presenting with abdominal mass due to rupture.

Pediatric esophageal substitution by gastric pull-up and gastric tube.

Aim: The aim of this study was to report the results of pediatric esophageal substitution by gastric pull-up (GPU) and gastric tube (GT) from a tertiary care pediatric center.

Materials And Methods: Retrospective analysis of the surgical techniques, results, complications, and final outcome of all pediatric patients who underwent esophageal substitution in a single institution was performed.

Results: Twenty-four esophageal substitutions were performed over 15-year period.

Congenital pouch colon in girls: Genitourinary abnormalities and their management.

Aims: To discuss the assessment and management of genitourinary (GU) tract abnormalities in 21 girls with Types I-III congenital pouch colon (CPC), studied over a period of 10 years.

Materials And Methods: Assessment included clinical and radiological assessment, examination under anesthesia (EUA), endoscopy of the lower GU tract, and evaluation of the surgical findings, operative procedures for the GU anomalies, and the results of management.

Results: Initial examination of the external genitalia showed a "clover-leaf" appearance (n = 6) and a single perineal opening (n = 6).